Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2019

TOI-125 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange TOI-125, located approximately 362.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.76 Earth radii
  • A mass of 6.63 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.87 g
  • An orbital period of 9.151 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0814 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 828 K (555 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 362.23 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.286
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 6,387,848 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around TOI-125

TOI-125 c shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
TOI-125 b Sub-Neptune 2.73 9.50 4.654 1,037 2019
TOI-125 c this Sub-Neptune 2.76 6.63 9.151 828 2019
TOI-125 d Sub-Neptune 2.93 13.60 19.980 638 2020

TOI-125 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.76 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.246 R♃
Mass
6.63 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.021 M♃
Density
1.73 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.87 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.286
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2019
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#802of 1978

top 40.5%

This planet

2.76R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-125 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.7611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.006.63317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.731.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.872.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0077.590.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 6.630 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 52368076

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4698692744355471616

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4698692748651744128

System

TOI-125

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.759 R⊕ · percentile 59 / cohort 1978
Mass 6.630 M⊕ · percentile 35 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 9.15 d · percentile 30 / cohort 1946
Distance 111.06 pc · percentile 22 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.286 · percentile 25 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
9.151 days
Semi-major axis
0.0814 AU
Eccentricity
0.066
Inclination
88.54 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 9.15 Earth days (2.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0814 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.089 %

Duration

2.954 h

Impact parameter b

0.522

Rp / R★

0.029850

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,361.9085

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 891 ppm lasting ≈ 2.95 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.029850

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

20.660

Impact parameter (b)

0.522

RV semi-amplitude (K)

2.250 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,361.9085

Long. of periastron (ω)

70.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.73300

Eq. Temperature

828K

(555 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

77.59

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.286

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Quinn et al. 2019

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2019-11

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-125

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,320 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.80 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.848 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.859 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.02

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.516 dex

Stellar density

1.990 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

11.06 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

1.00 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
111.06 parsec
Light-years 362.23 ly
V-band magnitude
11.02 mag
Voyager-speed travel 6,387,848 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 14 bands

8.611.711.72B11.02V10.72Gaia10.20TESS11.27Sloan g10.46Sloan r10.66Sloan i9.47J9.11H9.00K8.95W19.01W28.94W38.61W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

8.975 mas

Total Proper Motion

171.667 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-119.80 mas/yr

PM Declination

-122.95 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.363 · y = 0.158 · z = -0.918

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 23.59343° · Dec -66.67635°

Galactic ℓ, b

296.358° · -49.900°

Ecliptic λ, β

328.779° · -64.896°

HTM-20 index

-852704894

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