Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-2986 b

A neptune-like orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-2986, located approximately 1,836.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 9.29 Earth radii
  • A mass of 96.62 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.12 g
  • An orbital period of 3.278 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0449 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,622 K (1349 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,836.74 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.086
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 32,390,983 years

TOI-2986 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
9.29 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.829 R♃
Mass
96.62 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.304 M♃
Density
0.66 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.12 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.086
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#62of 574

top 10.6%

This planet

9.29R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2986 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.009.2911.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0096.62317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.661.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.122.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.001,156.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 96.620 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 148497855

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3764588660860363264

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3764588660860363264

System

TOI-2986

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 9.292 R⊕ · percentile 89 / cohort 574
Mass 96.620 M⊕ · percentile 90 / cohort 574
Orbital period 3.28 d · percentile 5 / cohort 524
Distance 563.15 pc · percentile 58 / cohort 572
ESI 0.086 · percentile 1 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
3.278 days
Semi-major axis
0.0449 AU
Eccentricity
0.140
Inclination
88.80 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.28 Earth days (0.9% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0449 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.342 %

Duration

3.958 h

Impact parameter b

0.140

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,537.6255

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 3,415 ppm lasting ≈ 3.96 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

6.650

Impact parameter (b)

0.140

RV semi-amplitude (K)

38.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,537.6255

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.07970

Eq. Temperature

1,622K

(1349 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

1,156.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.086

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Yee et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-07

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2986

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,906 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.30 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.458 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.122 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.10

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.165 dex

Stellar density

0.517 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
563.15 parsec
Light-years 1,836.74 ly
V-band magnitude
12.63 mag
Voyager-speed travel 32,390,983 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.513.213.18B12.63V12.48Gaia12.07TESS11.52J11.22H11.19K11.13W111.19W211.05W38.48W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.749 mas

Total Proper Motion

13.776 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-12.94 mas/yr

PM Declination

-4.73 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.954 · y = 0.278 · z = -0.113

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 163.77156° · Dec -6.47845°

Galactic ℓ, b

258.710° · 46.164°

Ecliptic λ, β

167.589° · -12.355°

HTM-20 index

-2036829866

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