Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 12.10 Earth radii
A mass of 6,633.08 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 45.30 g
An orbital period of 358.620 days
Distance from Earth 134.32 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.287
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,368,650 years

Gaia-5 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

12.10 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

1.080 R♃

Mass

6,633.08 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

20.870 M♃

Density

20.60 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

45.30 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.287

HZ Position Unknown

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025

Method Astrometry

Facility European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia Satellite

Telescope 1.45 m x 0.5 m Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1454of 1771

top 82.0%

This planet

12.10R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

HD 62364 b 12.10 R⊕ HD 106515 A b 12.10 R⊕ BD+20 2457 b 12.10 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Gaia-5 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	12.10	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6,633.08	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	20.60	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	45.30	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	—	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	6,633.079 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 42004825

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2074815898041643520

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2074815898041643520

System

Gaia-5

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 12.100 R⊕ · percentile 16 / cohort 1771

Mass 6,633.079 M⊕ · percentile 97 / cohort 1747

Orbital period 358.62 d · percentile 63 / cohort 1533

Distance 41.18 pc · percentile 15 / cohort 1759

ESI 0.287 · percentile 54 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

358.620 days

Semi-major axis

— AU

Eccentricity

0.642

Inclination

129.70 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 358.62 Earth days (98.2% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory.

Eq. Temperature

—

Insolation (S⊕)

—

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.287

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Detection Signatures

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Astrometry

Positional wobble of the host star was measured.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Stef & Aacute Nsson et al. 2025

Instrument

Gaia CCD array

Publication

2025-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2025 at European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia Satellite (2 shown).

Gaia-4 b · Gas Giant HD 128717 b · Gas Giant

Host System: Gaia-5

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,447 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

8.20 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.345 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.339 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.18

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.830 dex

Stellar density

11.610 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-52.70 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

41.18 parsec

Light-years 134.32 ly

V-band magnitude

14.61 mag

Voyager-speed travel 2,368,650 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

24.254 mas

Total Proper Motion

128.701 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

102.57 mas/yr

PM Declination

77.74 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.395 · y = -0.631 · z = 0.668

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 302.04082° · Dec 41.94155°

Galactic ℓ, b

78.084° · 5.006°

Ecliptic λ, β

321.609° · 59.772°

HTM-20 index

661046286

Similar Worlds

UCAC3 113-933 b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.10 R⊕ · 171.5 ly

HD 18438 b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.10 R⊕ · 731.1 ly

LP 261-75 b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.10 R⊕ · 110.7 ly

2MASS J11550485-7919108 b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.10 R⊕ · 329.0 ly

HD 41004 B b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.10 R⊕ · 135.5 ly

ROXs 12 b

Gas Giant · M-type red dwarf

Radius 12.20 R⊕ · 445.7 ly

Explore Related Categories

Gas Giant Planets Astrometry Discoveries European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia Satellite Mission M-type red dwarf Hosts