Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.18 Earth radii
A mass of 4.52 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.95 g
An orbital period of 2.853 days
Semi-major axis 0.0316 AU
Equilibrium temperature 723 K (450 °C)
Distance from Earth 73.30 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.361
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 1,292,714 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around GJ 3090

GJ 3090 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
GJ 3090 b this	Sub-Neptune	2.18	4.52	2.853	723	2022
GJ 3090 c	Sub-Neptune	3.14	10.00	15.941	407	2026

GJ 3090 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.18 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.194 R♃

Mass

4.52 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.014 M♃

Density

2.40 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.95 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.361

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2022

Method Transit

Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1703of 1978

top 86.0%

This planet

2.18R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

TOI-1470 b 2.18 R⊕ Kepler-261 b 2.18 R⊕ Kepler-250 d 2.18 R⊕

Metric	Earth	GJ 3090 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.18	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	4.52	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.40	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.95	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	45.40	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	4.520 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HIP

HIP 6365

TIC

TIC 262530407

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4933912198893332224

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4933912198895807104

System

GJ 3090

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.180 R⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1978

Mass 4.520 M⊕ · percentile 2 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 2.85 d · percentile 4 / cohort 1946

Distance 22.48 pc · percentile 5 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.361 · percentile 43 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

2.853 days

Semi-major axis

0.0316 AU

Eccentricity

0.250

Inclination

86.90 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.85 Earth days (0.8% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0316 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.155 %

Duration

1.281 h

Impact parameter b

0.700

Rp / R★

0.037900

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,356.1532

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,547 ppm lasting ≈ 1.28 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.037900

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

13.180

Impact parameter (b)

0.700

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.150 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,356.1532

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

1.41000

Eq. Temperature

723K

(450 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

45.40

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.361

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Almenara et al. 2022

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2022-07

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2022 at Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (12 shown).

TOI-1452 b · Super-Earth TOI-712 d · Sub-Neptune TOI-1468 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-2136 b · Sub-Neptune LTT 1445 A c · Rocky Terrestrial TOI-712 c · Sub-Neptune LP 890-9 b · Super-Earth TOI-2081 b · Sub-Neptune GJ 3929 b · Rocky Terrestrial HD 260655 c · Super-Earth HD 73583 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-1759 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: GJ 3090

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,707 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

—

Stellar Radius

0.516 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.519 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.12

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.727 dex

Stellar density

5.320 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

1.47 km/s

Rotation period

17.95 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

22.48 parsec

Light-years 73.30 ly

V-band magnitude

11.40 mag

Voyager-speed travel 1,292,714 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

44.465 mas

Total Proper Motion

136.891 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-111.21 mas/yr

PM Declination

-79.83 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.642 · y = 0.239 · z = -0.728

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 20.43843° · Dec -46.71472°

Galactic ℓ, b

287.952° · -69.522°

Ecliptic λ, β

353.787° · -49.740°

HTM-20 index

-656934947