Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

GJ 806 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the m-type red dwarf GJ 806, located approximately 39.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.28 Earth radii
  • A mass of 5.80 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.12 g
  • An orbital period of 6.641 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0523 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 490 K (217 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 39.28 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.523
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 692,771 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around GJ 806

GJ 806 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
GJ 806 b Super-Earth 1.33 1.90 0.926 940 2023
GJ 806 c this Sub-Neptune 2.28 5.80 6.641 490 2023

GJ 806 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.28 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.203 R♃
Mass
5.80 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.018 M♃
Density
2.69 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.12 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.523
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Radial Velocity
Facility Multiple Observatories
Telescope Multiple Telescopes

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1536of 1978

top 77.6%

This planet

2.28R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth GJ 806 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.2811.21
Mass (M⊕)1.005.80317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.691.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.122.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.009.500.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Minimum mass (M sin i) 5.800 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HIP

HIP 102401

TIC

TIC 239332587

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2070115588901082368

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2070115588901082368

System

GJ 806

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.280 R⊕ · percentile 22 / cohort 1978
Mass 5.800 M⊕ · percentile 21 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 6.64 d · percentile 21 / cohort 1946
Distance 12.04 pc · percentile 2 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.523 · percentile 73 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
6.641 days
Semi-major axis
0.0523 AU
Eccentricity
Inclination
°

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 6.64 Earth days (1.8% of a terrestrial year) at a mean orbital distance of 0.0523 AU.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

27.130

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.550 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,422.1820

Angular separation (arcsec)

4.34000

Eq. Temperature

490K

(217 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

9.50

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.523

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Palle et al. 2023

Instrument

Multiple Instruments

Publication

2023-10

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: GJ 806

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,600 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.414 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.413 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.28

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.980 dex

Stellar density

8.600 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-24.69 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Rotation period

41.40 days

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.923

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
12.04 parsec
Light-years 39.28 ly
V-band magnitude
10.79 mag
Voyager-speed travel 692,771 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 8 bands

6.512.512.50B10.79V9.82Gaia8.73TESS8.57Ic7.33J6.77H6.53K

Astrometric Data

Parallax

82.997 mas

Total Proper Motion

511.804 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

434.08 mas/yr

PM Declination

271.14 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.470 · y = -0.536 · z = 0.701

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 311.26970° · Dec 44.50024°

Galactic ℓ, b

84.070° · 1.008°

Ecliptic λ, β

335.633° · 58.906°

HTM-20 index

-1579317321

Observation Record

Photometric series

1

Stellar spectra

2

Archive notes

2

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