Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-104 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-104, located approximately 1,307.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.13 Earth radii
  • A mass of 7.14 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.73 g
  • An orbital period of 23.668 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1530 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 668 K (395 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,307.18 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.389
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 23,052,194 years

2 siblings around Kepler-104

Kepler-104 c shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-104 b Sub-Neptune 3.10 19.60 11.428 852 2014
Kepler-104 c this Sub-Neptune 3.13 7.14 23.668 668 2014
Kepler-104 d Sub-Neptune 3.58 5.54 51.755 515 2014

Kepler-104 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.13 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.279 R♃
Mass
7.14 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.022 M♃
Density
2.99 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.73 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.389
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#406of 1978

top 20.5%

This planet

3.13R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-104 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.1311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.007.14317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.991.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.732.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0045.440.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Minimum mass (M sin i) 7.144 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 158553540

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2102454253097554304

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2102454253097554304

System

Kepler-104

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.130 R⊕ · percentile 79 / cohort 1978
Mass 7.144 M⊕ · percentile 43 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 23.67 d · percentile 67 / cohort 1946
Distance 400.79 pc · percentile 41 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.389 · percentile 50 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
23.668 days
Semi-major axis
0.1530 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
87.95 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 23.67 Earth days (6.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1530 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.045 %

Duration

5.872 h

Impact parameter b

0.770

Rp / R★

0.020240

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,965.7160

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 449 ppm lasting ≈ 5.87 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.020240

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

26.800

Impact parameter (b)

0.770

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.819 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,965.7160

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.38200

Eq. Temperature

668K

(395 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

45.44

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.389

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-104

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,711 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

13.18 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.349 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.818 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.42

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.105 dex

Stellar density

0.730 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

4.51 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
400.79 parsec
Light-years 1,307.18 ly
V-band magnitude
12.70 mag
Voyager-speed travel 23,052,194 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

8.713.113.12B12.70V12.57Gaia12.60Kepler12.16TESS12.96Sloan g12.56Sloan r12.44Sloan i12.40Sloan z11.56J11.25H11.21K11.18W111.21W211.22W38.66W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.467 mas

Total Proper Motion

52.913 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

4.36 mas/yr

PM Declination

-52.73 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.224 · y = -0.706 · z = 0.671

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 287.60466° · Dec 42.16651°

Galactic ℓ, b

73.185° · 14.568°

Ecliptic λ, β

300.457° · 63.756°

HTM-20 index

-1932337153

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