Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-331 c

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-331, located approximately 1,892.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.84 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.04 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.19 g
  • An orbital period of 17.281 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1050 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 425 K (152 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,892.09 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.638
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 33,367,057 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around Kepler-331

Kepler-331 c shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-331 b Super-Earth 1.82 3.97 8.457 540 2014
Kepler-331 c this Super-Earth 1.84 4.04 17.281 425 2014
Kepler-331 d Super-Earth 1.64 3.33 32.134 346 2014

Kepler-331 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.84 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.164 R♃
Mass
4.04 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.013 M♃
Density
3.56 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.19 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.638
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#201of 1176

top 17.0%

This planet

1.84R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-331 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.8411.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.04317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.561.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.192.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0013.890.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 351063265

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2052794982231985664

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2052794982231985664

System

Kepler-331

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.840 R⊕ · percentile 82 / cohort 1176
Mass 4.040 M⊕ · percentile 75 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 17.28 d · percentile 81 / cohort 1164
Distance 580.12 pc · percentile 53 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.638 · percentile 82 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
17.281 days
Semi-major axis
0.1050 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.75 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 17.28 Earth days (4.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1050 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.160 %

Duration

2.772 h

Impact parameter b

0.080

Rp / R★

0.036590

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,969.0080

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,599 ppm lasting ≈ 2.77 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.036590

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

46.200

Impact parameter (b)

0.080

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,969.0080

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.18100

Eq. Temperature

425K

(152 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

13.89

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.638

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-331

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,347 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.20 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.492 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.653 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.12

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.768 dex

Stellar density

6.724 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
580.12 parsec
Light-years 1,892.09 ly
V-band magnitude
16.20 mag
Voyager-speed travel 33,367,057 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.117.217.18B16.20V15.84Gaia15.86Kepler15.12TESS16.89Sloan g15.80Sloan r15.42Sloan i15.21Sloan z14.08J13.51H13.34K13.38W113.41W212.53W39.10W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.696 mas

Total Proper Motion

2.823 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

1.38 mas/yr

PM Declination

-2.46 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.288 · y = -0.718 · z = 0.633

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.83435° · Dec 39.30735°

Galactic ℓ, b

71.928° · 10.453°

Ecliptic λ, β

305.259° · 60.102°

HTM-20 index

1531729450

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