Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2012

Kepler-46 b

A neptune-like orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-46, located approximately 2,534.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 9.06 Earth radii
  • A mass of 1,907.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 23.25 g
  • An orbital period of 33.601 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1968 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 543 K (270 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,534.43 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.286
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 44,694,632 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around Kepler-46

Kepler-46 b shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-46 d Super-Earth 1.64 3.33 6.767 845 2014
Kepler-46 b this Neptune-like 9.06 1,907.00 33.601 543 2012
Kepler-46 c Gas Giant 13.50 119.50 57.011 455 2012

Kepler-46 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
9.06 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.808 R♃
Mass
1,907.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
6.000 M♃
Density
14.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
23.25 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.286
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2012
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#85of 574

top 14.6%

This planet

9.06R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-46 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.009.0611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.001,907.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5114.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.0023.252.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0010.900.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 1,907.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 158992508

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2102700131386216576

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2102700131386216576

System

Kepler-46

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 9.057 R⊕ · percentile 85 / cohort 574
Mass 1,907.000 M⊕ · percentile 99 / cohort 574
Orbital period 33.60 d · percentile 62 / cohort 524
Distance 777.06 pc · percentile 66 / cohort 572
ESI 0.286 · percentile 47 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
33.601 days
Semi-major axis
0.1968 AU
Eccentricity
0.010
Inclination
89.04 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 33.60 Earth days (9.2% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1968 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.743 %

Duration

4.454 h

Impact parameter b

0.757

Rp / R★

0.088700

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,053.2826

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 7,426 ppm lasting ≈ 4.45 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.088700

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

45.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.757

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,053.2826

Long. of periastron (ω)

264.20°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.25300

Eq. Temperature

543K

(270 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

10.90

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.286

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Nesvorny et al. 2012

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2012-06

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-46

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,155 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

9.70 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.938 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.902 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.41

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.447 dex

Stellar density

1.530 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
777.06 parsec
Light-years 2,534.43 ly
V-band magnitude
15.31 mag
Voyager-speed travel 44,694,632 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.216.216.24B15.31V15.25Gaia15.26Kepler14.68TESS15.92Sloan g15.20Sloan r14.98Sloan i14.87Sloan z13.81J13.44H13.35K13.35W113.45W212.55W39.23W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.259 mas

Total Proper Motion

3.280 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

3.16 mas/yr

PM Declination

0.89 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.243 · y = -0.695 · z = 0.677

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 289.26874° · Dec 42.60418°

Galactic ℓ, b

74.114° · 13.624°

Ecliptic λ, β

303.407° · 63.825°

HTM-20 index

951086412

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