Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.98 Earth radii
A mass of 2.15 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.55 g
An orbital period of 12.510 days
Semi-major axis 0.1036 AU
Equilibrium temperature 706 K (433 °C)
Distance from Earth 2,495.17 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.352
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 44,002,408 years

3 siblings around Kepler-85

Kepler-85 c shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
Kepler-85 b	Super-Earth	1.78	1.84	8.300	809	2012
Kepler-85 c this	Super-Earth	1.98	2.15	12.510	706	2012
Kepler-85 d	Rocky Terrestrial	1.20	8.70	17.913	626	2014
Kepler-85 e	Super-Earth	1.27	0.60	25.217	559	2014

Kepler-85 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.98 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.176 R♃

Mass

2.15 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.007 M♃

Density

1.53 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.55 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.352

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2012

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#36of 1176

top 3.0%

This planet

1.98R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

HR 858 c 1.98 R⊕ GJ 9827 d 1.98 R⊕ Kepler-59 c 1.98 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-85 c	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.98	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	2.15	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	1.53	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.55	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	61.93	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	2.150 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 159580705

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2127398083121764736

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2127398083121764736

System

Kepler-85

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.978 R⊕ · percentile 97 / cohort 1176

Mass 2.150 M⊕ · percentile 4 / cohort 1176

Orbital period 12.51 d · percentile 71 / cohort 1164

Distance 765.03 pc · percentile 64 / cohort 1171

ESI 0.352 · percentile 51 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

12.510 days

Semi-major axis

0.1036 AU

Eccentricity

0.027

Inclination

88.14 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 12.51 Earth days (3.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1036 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.044 %

Duration

4.572 h

Impact parameter b

0.925

Rp / R★

0.024060

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,972.4163

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 441 ppm lasting ≈ 4.57 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.024060

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

9.670

Impact parameter (b)

0.925

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,972.4163

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.13500

Eq. Temperature

706K

(433 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

61.93

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.352

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Xie 2013

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2013-10

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2012 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-54 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-49 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-55 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-49 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-81 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-55 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-52 c · Super-Earth Kepler-83 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-32 d · Sub-Neptune Kepler-83 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-54 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-80 c · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-85

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,505 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.38 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.875 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.928 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.12

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.510 dex

Stellar density

1.946 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

765.03 parsec

Light-years 2,495.17 ly

V-band magnitude

14.89 mag

Voyager-speed travel 44,002,408 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.279 mas

Total Proper Motion

6.093 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-0.03 mas/yr

PM Declination

-6.09 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.252 · y = -0.657 · z = 0.711

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 290.97344° · Dec 45.29028°

Galactic ℓ, b

77.152° · 13.632°

Ecliptic λ, β

308.195° · 65.971°

HTM-20 index

1597129256