Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

KOBE-1 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange KOBE-1, located approximately 78.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.56 Earth radii
  • A mass of 12.40 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.98 g
  • An orbital period of 29.671 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1607 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 393 K (119 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 78.19 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.528
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 1,378,801 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around KOBE-1

KOBE-1 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
KOBE-1 b Sub-Neptune 2.91 8.80 8.540 594 2025
KOBE-1 c this Sub-Neptune 3.56 12.40 29.671 393 2025

KOBE-1 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.56 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.318 R♃
Mass
12.40 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.039 M♃
Density
1.51 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.98 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.528
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Radial Velocity
Facility Calar Alto Observatory
Telescope 3.5 m telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#151of 1978

top 7.6%

This planet

3.56R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth KOBE-1 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.5611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0012.40317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.511.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.982.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.003.910.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Minimum mass (M sin i) 12.400 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HIP

HIP 5957

TIC

TIC 16917838

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 294517800251711616

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 294517800251711616

System

HIP 5957

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.560 R⊕ · percentile 92 / cohort 1978
Mass 12.400 M⊕ · percentile 85 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 29.67 d · percentile 73 / cohort 1946
Distance 23.97 pc · percentile 6 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.528 · percentile 74 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
29.671 days
Semi-major axis
0.1607 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
°

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 29.67 Earth days (8.1% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1607 AU.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

55.810

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.500 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,448.2000

Angular separation (arcsec)

6.70000

Eq. Temperature

393K

(119 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

3.91

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.528

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Instrument

CARMENES

Publication

2025-02

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: KOBE-1

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,135 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.619 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.629 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

5.070 dex

Stellar density

2.011 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-23.10 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Rotation period

37.40 days

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.896

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
23.97 parsec
Light-years 78.19 ly
V-band magnitude
10.10 mag
Voyager-speed travel 1,378,801 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 7 bands

6.711.411.40B10.10V9.47Gaia8.65TESS7.46J6.84H6.66K

Astrometric Data

Parallax

41.687 mas

Total Proper Motion

441.191 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

429.06 mas/yr

PM Declination

-102.74 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.854 · y = 0.297 · z = 0.428

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 19.16604° · Dec 25.33104°

Galactic ℓ, b

130.091° · -37.190°

Ecliptic λ, β

27.391° · 15.933°

HTM-20 index

1252749590

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