Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

NGTS-31 b

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) NGTS-31, located approximately 1,622.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 18.05 Earth radii
  • A mass of 355.97 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.09 g
  • An orbital period of 4.163 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0640 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,410 K (1137 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,622.22 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.073
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 28,607,877 years

NGTS-31 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
18.05 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.610 R♃
Mass
355.97 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
1.120 M♃
Density
0.30 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.09 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.073
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#71of 1771

top 4.0%

This planet

18.05R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth NGTS-31 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0018.0511.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00355.97317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.301.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.092.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00643.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 355.968 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 167714124

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4819647205325461888

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4819647205326045824

System

NGTS-31

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 18.046 R⊕ · percentile 96 / cohort 1771
Mass 355.968 M⊕ · percentile 38 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 4.16 d · percentile 31 / cohort 1533
Distance 497.38 pc · percentile 75 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.073 · percentile 15 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
4.163 days
Semi-major axis
0.0640 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
85.60 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.16 Earth days (1.1% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0640 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.287 %

Duration

3.319 h

Impact parameter b

0.630

Rp / R★

0.110000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,039.1615

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 12,870 ppm lasting ≈ 3.32 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.110000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

8.160

Impact parameter (b)

0.630

RV semi-amplitude (K)

146.630 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,039.1615

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.12900

Eq. Temperature

1,410K

(1137 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

643.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.073

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Vines et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-01

Observation locale

Space

Host System: NGTS-31

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,710 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

9.97 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.700 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.960 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.00

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.430 dex

Stellar density

0.585 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

6.10 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
497.38 parsec
Light-years 1,622.22 ly
V-band magnitude
13.52 mag
Voyager-speed travel 28,607,877 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.614.114.12B13.52V13.30Gaia12.85TESS12.18J11.82H11.78K11.70W111.74W211.61W38.63W4

Astrometric Data

Total Proper Motion

6.488 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-4.61 mas/yr

PM Declination

-4.56 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.130 · y = 0.770 · z = -0.625

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 80.42125° · Dec -38.65683°

Galactic ℓ, b

243.128° · -33.374°

Ecliptic λ, β

74.156° · -61.570°

HTM-20 index

1993908592

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