Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.69 Earth radii
A mass of 6.69 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 2.34 g
An orbital period of 3.445 days
Semi-major axis 0.0385 AU
Equilibrium temperature 775 K (502 °C)
Distance from Earth 129.27 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.365
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,279,682 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-1235 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.69 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.151 R♃

Mass

6.69 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.021 M♃

Density

7.25 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

2.34 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.365

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2020

Method Transit

Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#415of 1176

top 35.2%

This planet

1.69R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-372 d 1.69 R⊕ Kepler-968 c 1.69 R⊕ Kepler-269 c 1.69 R⊕

Metric	Earth	TOI-1235 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.69	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6.69	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	7.25	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	2.34	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	60.30	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	6.690 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 103633434

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1070387905514406400

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1070387905514406400

System

TOI-1235

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.690 R⊕ · percentile 64 / cohort 1176

Mass 6.690 M⊕ · percentile 94 / cohort 1176

Orbital period 3.44 d · percentile 26 / cohort 1164

Distance 39.63 pc · percentile 8 / cohort 1171

ESI 0.365 · percentile 54 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

3.445 days

Semi-major axis

0.0385 AU

Eccentricity

0.049

Inclination

88.90 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.44 Earth days (0.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0384 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.065 %

Duration

2.094 h

Impact parameter b

0.250

Rp / R★

0.025080

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,683.6145

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 645 ppm lasting ≈ 2.09 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.025080

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

13.290

Impact parameter (b)

0.250

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.870 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,683.6145

Long. of periastron (ω)

78.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.97000

Eq. Temperature

775K

(502 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

60.30

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.365

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Cloutier et al. 2020

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2020-07

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2020 at Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (12 shown).

TOI-700 d · Rocky Terrestrial TOI-237 b · Super-Earth TOI-700 b · Rocky Terrestrial TOI-1266 c · Super-Earth LTT 3780 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-700 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-776 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-942 c · Neptune-like TOI-776 b · Super-Earth TOI-1266 b · Sub-Neptune TOI-540 b · Rocky Terrestrial LHS 1815 b · Rocky Terrestrial

Host System: TOI-1235

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,997 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.30 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.619 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.630 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.33

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.640 dex

Stellar density

3.740 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-27.75 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Rotation period

44.70 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

39.63 parsec

Light-years 129.27 ly

V-band magnitude

11.50 mag

Voyager-speed travel 2,279,682 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

25.202 mas

Total Proper Motion

197.397 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

196.63 mas/yr

PM Declination

17.37 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.313 · y = 0.165 · z = 0.935

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 152.21825° · Dec 69.27662°

Galactic ℓ, b

140.917° · 41.717°

Ecliptic λ, β

120.883° · 52.421°

HTM-20 index

708064731