Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-2031 A b

A gas giant orbiting the f-type yellow-white TOI-2031 A, located approximately 900.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 14.20 Earth radii
  • A mass of 254.26 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.26 g
  • An orbital period of 5.715 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0660 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,358 K (1085 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 900.53 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.090
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 15,880,899 years

TOI-2031 A b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
14.20 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.267 R♃
Mass
254.26 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.800 M♃
Density
0.49 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.26 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.090
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#332of 1771

top 18.7%

This planet

14.20R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2031 A b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0014.2011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00254.26317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.491.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.262.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00567.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 254.263 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 470127886

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2299101254886404608

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2299101254886404608

System

TOI-2031

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 14.202 R⊕ · percentile 81 / cohort 1771
Mass 254.263 M⊕ · percentile 27 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 5.72 d · percentile 39 / cohort 1533
Distance 276.11 pc · percentile 58 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.090 · percentile 23 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
5.715 days
Semi-major axis
0.0660 AU
Eccentricity
0.076
Inclination
88.32 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 5.72 Earth days (1.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0660 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.101 %

Duration

4.027 h

Impact parameter b

0.336

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,806.0291

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 11,010 ppm lasting ≈ 4.03 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

11.430

Impact parameter (b)

0.336

RV semi-amplitude (K)

81.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,806.0291

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.23900

Eq. Temperature

1,358K

(1085 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

567.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.090

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Yee et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-07

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2031 A

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,490 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.00 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.241 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.174 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.24

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.320 dex

Stellar density

0.865 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
276.11 parsec
Light-years 900.53 ly
V-band magnitude
11.25 mag
Voyager-speed travel 15,880,899 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.311.711.71B11.25V11.11Gaia10.76TESS10.31J10.01H9.97K9.92W19.95W29.87W39.33W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.593 mas

Total Proper Motion

25.841 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

25.72 mas/yr

PM Declination

2.51 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.128 · y = -0.071 · z = 0.989

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 331.11781° · Dec 81.56595°

Galactic ℓ, b

116.940° · 20.711°

Ecliptic λ, β

68.642° · 69.348°

HTM-20 index

1688351167

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