Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2024

TOI-2128 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-2128, located approximately 119.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.09 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.50 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.03 g
  • An orbital period of 16.341 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1270 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 781 K (507 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 119.30 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.342
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,103,879 years

TOI-2128 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.09 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.186 R♃
Mass
4.50 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.014 M♃
Density
2.68 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.03 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.342
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2024
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1843of 1978

top 93.1%

This planet

2.09R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2128 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.0911.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.50317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.681.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.032.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0086.230.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 4.500 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HIP

HIP 83827

TIC

TIC 21832928

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1334288219648212352

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1334288219648212352

System

TOI-2128

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.089 R⊕ · percentile 7 / cohort 1978
Mass 4.500 M⊕ · percentile 2 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 16.34 d · percentile 54 / cohort 1946
Distance 36.58 pc · percentile 9 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.342 · percentile 39 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
16.341 days
Semi-major axis
0.1270 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
°

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 16.34 Earth days (4.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1270 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.037 %

Duration

4.698 h

Impact parameter b

0.375

Rp / R★

0.017138

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,987.2663

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 372 ppm lasting ≈ 4.70 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.017138

Impact parameter (b)

0.375

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.100 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,987.2663

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

3.47000

Eq. Temperature

781K

(507 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

86.23

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.342

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Polanski et al. 2024

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2024-06

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2128

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,968 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.70 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.117 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.025 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.07

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.349 dex

Stellar density

1.023 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
36.58 parsec
Light-years 119.30 ly
V-band magnitude
7.22 mag
Voyager-speed travel 2,103,879 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

5.67.87.77B7.22V7.07Gaia6.68TESS6.12J5.87H5.82K5.79W15.64W25.66W35.74W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

27.310 mas

Total Proper Motion

167.400 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-162.01 mas/yr

PM Declination

-42.12 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.191 · y = -0.825 · z = 0.531

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 256.98180° · Dec 32.10530°

Galactic ℓ, b

54.706° · 34.846°

Ecliptic λ, β

250.726° · 54.677°

HTM-20 index

1757413098

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