Key parameters at a glance
- A radius of 2.33 Earth radii
- A mass of 9.72 Earth masses
- Surface gravity around 1.79 g
- An orbital period of 9.573 days
- Semi-major axis 0.1017 AU
- Equilibrium temperature 931 K (658 °C)
- Distance from Earth 204.76 light-years
- Earth Similarity Index 0.279
- Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,610,909 years
2 siblings around HD 22946
TOI-411 c shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.
| Planet | Type | Radius (R⊕) | Mass (M⊕) | Period (d) | Eq. T (K) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOI-411 b | Super-Earth | 1.36 | 13.71 | 4.040 | 1,241 | 2022 |
| TOI-411 c this | Sub-Neptune | 2.33 | 9.72 | 9.573 | 931 | 2022 |
| HD 22946 d | Sub-Neptune | 2.61 | 26.57 | 47.425 | 546 | 2023 |
TOI-411 c Planet Profile
Physical Specs
Classification
Planet Type
Sub-Neptune
Discovery
Size rank in cohort
Rank by radius
#1465of 1978
top 74.0%
This planet
2.33R⊕
Sub-Neptune median
2.71R⊕
Nearest-size peers
| Metric | Earth | TOI-411 c | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radius (R⊕) | 1.00 | 2.33 | 11.21 |
| Mass (M⊕) | 1.00 | 9.72 | 317.83 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 5.51 | 3.15 | 1.33 |
| Surface Gravity (g) | 1.00 | 1.79 | 2.53 |
| Insolation (S⊕) | 1.00 | 156.75 | 0.037 |
Alternative Mass Estimates
| Method | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Best measured mass | 9.720 M⊕ | Direct mass measurement (not derived). |
Star Catalogue Identifiers
HD
HD 22946
HIP
HIP 17047
TIC
TIC 100990000
Gaia DR2
Gaia DR2 4848767461548943104
Gaia DR3
Gaia DR3 4848767461548943104
System
HD 22946
Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort
Orbit & Habitability
Orbital Dynamics
Year Length
A year here lasts approximately 9.57 Earth days (2.6% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.1017 AU.
Transit Fingerprint
Depth
0.029 %
Duration
3.684 h
Impact parameter b
0.504
Rp / R★
0.019120
Transit midpoint (BJD)
2,459,161.6086
Photometric dip
Transit produces a flux drop of 288 ppm lasting ≈ 3.68 h.
Extended Orbital Architecture
Planet / star radius ratio
0.019120
Semi-major axis / stellar radius
19.610
Impact parameter (b)
0.504
RV semi-amplitude (K)
2.700 m/s
Transit mid-time (BJD)
2,459,161.6086
Long. of periastron (ω)
10.00°
Angular separation (arcsec)
1.62000
Eq. Temperature
931K
(658 °C)
Insolation (S⊕)
156.75
Earth = 1.00
Earth Similarity (ESI)
0.279
0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical
Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.
Discovery Paper
Primary reference
Cacciapuoti et al. 2022Instrument
TESS CCD Array
Publication
2022-09
Observation locale
Space
Discovery cohort
Planets confirmed in 2022 at Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (12 shown).
Host System: HD 22946
Spectral Class
F-type yellow-white
Effective Temperature
6,169 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)
Estimated Age
2.50 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)
Stellar Radius
1.117 R☉
Stellar Mass
1.098 M☉
Metallicity [Fe/H]
-0.08
Extended Stellar Properties
Surface gravity (log g)
4.470 dex
Stellar density
1.100 g/cm³
Metallicity ratio
[Fe/H]
Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands
Astrometric Data
Parallax
15.900 mas
Total Proper Motion
122.096 mas/yr
PM Right Ascension
-51.66 mas/yr
PM Declination
-110.63 mas/yr
Galactic Cartesian (pc)
x = 0.423 · y = 0.600 · z = -0.679
Equatorial (J2000)
RA 54.81954° · Dec -42.76303°
Galactic ℓ, b
248.832° · -52.700°
Ecliptic λ, β
33.543° · -59.500°
HTM-20 index
488407113
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