Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-4666 b

A gas giant orbiting the m-type red dwarf TOI-4666, located approximately 504.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 12.53 Earth radii
  • A mass of 155.42 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.99 g
  • An orbital period of 2.909 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0340 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 695 K (422 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 504.72 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.187
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 8,900,792 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-4666 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
12.53 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.118 R♃
Mass
155.42 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.489 M♃
Density
0.43 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.99 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.187
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1230of 1771

top 69.4%

This planet

12.53R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-4666 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0012.5311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00155.42317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.431.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.992.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0055.600.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 155.418 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 165202476

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4855422771071903232

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4855422771071903232

System

TOI-4666

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 12.532 R⊕ · percentile 31 / cohort 1771
Mass 155.418 M⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 2.91 d · percentile 15 / cohort 1533
Distance 154.75 pc · percentile 45 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.187 · percentile 39 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.909 days
Semi-major axis
0.0340 AU
Eccentricity
0.023
Inclination
89.79 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.91 Earth days (0.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0340 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

4.516 %

Duration

51.290 h

Impact parameter b

0.045

Rp / R★

0.196530

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,460,265.1362

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 45,160 ppm lasting ≈ 51.29 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.196530

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

12.450

Impact parameter (b)

0.045

RV semi-amplitude (K)

103.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,460,265.1362

Long. of periastron (ω)

183.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.22000

Eq. Temperature

695K

(422 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

55.60

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.187

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Frensch et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-10

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-4666

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,793 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.00 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.585 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.576 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.79

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.664 dex

Stellar density

4.380 g/cm³

Rotation period

15.30 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
154.75 parsec
Light-years 504.72 ly
V-band magnitude
15.33 mag
Voyager-speed travel 8,900,792 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.516.716.75B15.33V14.39Gaia13.33TESS11.98J11.29H11.09K11.00W110.98W210.84W39.51W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.433 mas

Total Proper Motion

22.476 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

4.11 mas/yr

PM Declination

-22.10 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.431 · y = 0.646 · z = -0.630

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 56.28989° · Dec -39.06318°

Galactic ℓ, b

242.573° · -52.109°

Ecliptic λ, β

38.427° · -56.626°

HTM-20 index

52575270

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