Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

HD 224018 b

A rocky terrestrial orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) HD 224018, located approximately 344.0 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 0.91 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.10 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 4.95 g
  • An orbital period of 10.641 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0952 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 968 K (695 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 344.03 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.255
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 6,066,957 years

2 siblings around HD 224018

HD 224018 b shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
HD 224018 b this Rocky Terrestrial 0.91 4.10 10.641 968 2025
HD 224018 c Sub-Neptune 2.42 10.40 36.577 641 2025
HD 224018 d Sub-Neptune 2.40 4.20 138.073 411 2025

HD 224018 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
0.91 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.081 R♃
Mass
4.10 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.013 M♃
Density
17.10 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
4.95 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Rocky Terrestrial

ESI Score 0.255
HZ Position Unknown
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Radial Velocity
Facility Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
Telescope 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#406of 570

top 71.1%

This planet

0.91R⊕

Rocky Terrestrial median

1.01R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth HD 224018 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.000.9111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.10317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5117.101.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.004.952.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 4.100 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HD

HD 224018

TIC

TIC 248608315

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2446440348493043968

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2446440348493043968

System

HD 224018

Percentile among Rocky Terrestrial cohort

Radius 0.910 R⊕ · percentile 28 / cohort 570
Mass 4.100 M⊕ · percentile 94 / cohort 570
Orbital period 10.64 d · percentile 80 / cohort 567
Distance 105.48 pc · percentile 23 / cohort 566
ESI 0.255 · percentile 26 / cohort 570

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
10.641 days
Semi-major axis
0.0952 AU
Eccentricity
0.060
Inclination
86.70 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 10.64 Earth days (2.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0952 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Rp / R★

0.007300

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,457,762.9800

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.007300

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.190 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,457,762.9800

Long. of periastron (ω)

190.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.90300

Eq. Temperature

968K

(695 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.255

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Insufficient insolation data — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Damasso et al. 2025

Instrument

HARPS-N Spectrograph

Publication

2025-08

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2025 at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (3 shown).

Host System: HD 224018

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,784 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

7.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.147 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.013 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.05

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.320 dex

Stellar density

0.902 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-62.77 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.10 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
105.48 parsec
Light-years 344.03 ly
V-band magnitude
9.72 mag
Voyager-speed travel 6,066,957 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

8.110.310.33B9.72V9.52Gaia9.60Kepler9.09TESS8.50J8.19H8.15K8.07W18.11W28.10W38.08W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

9.452 mas

Total Proper Motion

112.877 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-112.58 mas/yr

PM Declination

-8.19 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.996 · y = -0.024 · z = -0.082

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 358.63901° · Dec -4.72334°

Galactic ℓ, b

89.242° · -63.810°

Ecliptic λ, β

356.867° · -3.792°

HTM-20 index

1167457204

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