Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-1422 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-1422, located approximately 506.0 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.61 Earth radii
  • A mass of 14.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.06 g
  • An orbital period of 34.563 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.2050 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 628 K (355 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 506.00 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.425
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 8,923,339 years

1 sibling around TOI-1422

TOI-1422 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
TOI-1422 b Sub-Neptune 3.83 9.50 12.999 870 2022
TOI-1422 c this Sub-Neptune 2.61 14.00 34.563 628 2025

TOI-1422 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.61 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.233 R♃
Mass
14.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.044 M♃
Density
4.30 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.06 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.425
HZ Position Unknown
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Radial Velocity
Facility Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
Telescope 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#999of 1978

top 50.5%

This planet

2.61R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-1422 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.6111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0014.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.514.301.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.062.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 14.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 333473672

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1920333449169516288

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1920333449169516288

System

TOI-1422

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.610 R⊕ · percentile 49 / cohort 1978
Mass 14.000 M⊕ · percentile 90 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 34.56 d · percentile 77 / cohort 1946
Distance 155.14 pc · percentile 26 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.425 · percentile 57 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
34.563 days
Semi-major axis
0.2050 AU
Eccentricity
0.200
Inclination
89.77 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 34.56 Earth days (9.5% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.2050 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Duration

6.120 h

Impact parameter b

0.170

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,756.3525

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

43.200

Impact parameter (b)

0.170

RV semi-amplitude (K)

2.800 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,756.3525

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

1.32000

Eq. Temperature

628K

(355 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.425

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Insufficient insolation data — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Naponiello et al. 2025

Instrument

HARPS-N Spectrograph

Publication

2025-11

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2025 at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (3 shown).

Host System: TOI-1422

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,840 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.60 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.019 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.990 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.03

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.412 dex

Stellar density

1.277 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-25.95 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

1.70 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.942

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
155.14 parsec
Light-years 506.00 ly
V-band magnitude
10.62 mag
Voyager-speed travel 8,923,339 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.711.311.31B10.62V10.55Gaia10.13TESS9.59J9.28H9.19K9.16W19.20W29.16W38.74W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.417 mas

Total Proper Motion

74.357 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-67.55 mas/yr

PM Declination

-31.09 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.766 · y = -0.077 · z = 0.638

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 354.24083° · Dec 39.63928°

Galactic ℓ, b

107.661° · -21.014°

Ecliptic λ, β

13.420° · 38.028°

HTM-20 index

-1511165985

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