Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 3.49 Earth radii
A mass of 12.00 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.99 g
An orbital period of 151.060 days
Semi-major axis 0.5379 AU
Equilibrium temperature 387 K (114 °C)
Distance from Earth 605.04 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.539
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 10,669,861 years

Context from the literature

Kepler-10, formerly known as KOI-72, is a Sun-like star in the constellation of Draco that lies 607 light-years from Earth. Kepler-10 was targeted by NASA's Kepler space telescope, as it was seen as the first star identified by the Kepler mission that could be a possible host to a small, transiting exoplanet. The star is slightly less massive, slightly larger, and slightly cooler than the Sun; at an estimated 11.9 billion years in age, Kepler-10 is 2.3 times the age of the Sun.

Excerpted from Wikipedia · full article

2 siblings around Kepler-10

Kepler-10 d shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
Kepler-10 b	Super-Earth	1.47	3.24	0.837	2,188	2011
Kepler-10 c	Sub-Neptune	2.36	11.29	45.294	579	2011
Kepler-10 d this	Sub-Neptune	3.49	12.00	151.060	387	2023

Kepler-10 d Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

3.49 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.312 R♃

Mass

12.00 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.038 M♃

Density

1.55 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.99 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.539

HZ Position Unknown

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023

Method Radial Velocity

Facility Roque de los Muchachos Observatory

Telescope 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#184of 1978

top 9.3%

This planet

3.49R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

HD 183579 b 3.49 R⊕ K2-246 b 3.49 R⊕ Kepler-79 e 3.49 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-10 d	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	3.49	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	12.00	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	1.55	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.99	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	—	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Minimum mass (M sin i)	12.000 M⊕	Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 377780790

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2132155017099178624

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2132155017099178624

System

Kepler-10

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.490 R⊕ · percentile 91 / cohort 1978

Mass 12.000 M⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 151.06 d · percentile 97 / cohort 1946

Distance 185.51 pc · percentile 28 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.539 · percentile 75 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

151.060 days

Semi-major axis

0.5379 AU

Eccentricity

0.190

Inclination

— °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 151.06 Earth days (41.4% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.5379 AU.

Extended Orbital Architecture

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.680 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,457,165.4000

Long. of periastron (ω)

150.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

2.90000

Eq. Temperature

387K

(114 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

—

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.539

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Insufficient insolation data — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Bonomo et al. 2023

Instrument

HARPS-N Spectrograph

Publication

2023-04

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2023 at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (7 shown).

GJ 9404 b · Sub-Neptune HD 99492 c · Neptune-like GJ 328 c · Neptune-like K2-312 c · Gas Giant Kepler-454 d · Gas Giant TOI-4010 e · Gas Giant Kepler-68 e · Gas Giant

Host System: Kepler-10

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,708 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

10.60 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.065 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.910 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.15

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.344 dex

Stellar density

1.068 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-98.74 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.04 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

185.51 parsec

Light-years 605.04 ly

V-band magnitude

11.04 mag

Voyager-speed travel 10,669,861 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

5.362 mas

Total Proper Motion

45.346 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-18.39 mas/yr

PM Declination

41.45 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.173 · y = -0.616 · z = 0.769

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 285.67930° · Dec 50.24148°

Galactic ℓ, b

80.490° · 18.816°

Ecliptic λ, β

303.697° · 71.850°

HTM-20 index

512815427

Wikipedia → Image: Wikimedia Commons · NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech · Public domain