Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-209 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-209, located approximately 1,881.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.10 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.80 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.02 g
  • An orbital period of 41.750 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.2310 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 486 K (213 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,881.74 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.468
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 33,184,554 years

1 sibling around Kepler-209

Kepler-209 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-209 b Sub-Neptune 2.26 5.73 16.088 668 2014
Kepler-209 c this Sub-Neptune 3.10 9.80 41.750 486 2014

Kepler-209 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.10 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.277 R♃
Mass
9.80 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.031 M♃
Density
1.81 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.02 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.468
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#433of 1978

top 21.8%

This planet

3.10R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-209 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.1011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.80317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.811.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.022.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0013.640.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 159652365

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2101964558106974848

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2101964558106974848

System

Kepler-209

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.100 R⊕ · percentile 78 / cohort 1978
Mass 9.800 M⊕ · percentile 71 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 41.75 d · percentile 82 / cohort 1946
Distance 576.95 pc · percentile 51 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.468 · percentile 66 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
41.750 days
Semi-major axis
0.2310 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.77 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 41.75 Earth days (11.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.2310 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.106 %

Duration

5.630 h

Impact parameter b

0.580

Rp / R★

0.037070

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,986.8399

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,055 ppm lasting ≈ 5.63 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.037070

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

21.430

Impact parameter (b)

0.580

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,986.8399

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.40000

Eq. Temperature

486K

(213 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

13.64

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.468

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-209

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,513 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.95 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.935 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.971 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.11

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.472 dex

Stellar density

1.340 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
576.95 parsec
Light-years 1,881.74 ly
V-band magnitude
14.13 mag
Voyager-speed travel 33,184,554 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.314.814.79B14.13V13.95Gaia14.00Kepler13.46TESS14.54Sloan g13.94Sloan r13.77Sloan i13.69Sloan z12.80J12.43H12.36K12.30W112.37W211.98W39.30W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.705 mas

Total Proper Motion

20.569 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-10.14 mas/yr

PM Declination

-17.90 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.266 · y = -0.686 · z = 0.677

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.16946° · Dec 42.64073°

Galactic ℓ, b

74.756° · 12.372°

Ecliptic λ, β

306.427° · 63.427°

HTM-20 index

349126560

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