Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-224 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-224, located approximately 2,550.8 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.12 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.91 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.02 g
  • An orbital period of 5.925 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0580 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 758 K (485 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,550.83 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.306
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 44,983,831 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

3 siblings around Kepler-224

Kepler-224 c shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-224 b Super-Earth 1.39 2.51 3.133 937 2014
Kepler-224 c this Sub-Neptune 3.12 9.91 5.925 758 2014
Kepler-224 d Sub-Neptune 2.30 5.90 11.349 610 2014
Kepler-224 e Super-Earth 1.97 4.54 18.644 517 2014

Kepler-224 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.12 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.278 R♃
Mass
9.91 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.031 M♃
Density
1.79 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.02 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.306
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#418of 1978

top 21.1%

This planet

3.12R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-224 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.1211.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.91317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.791.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.022.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0086.330.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 159642189

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2129161734133025408

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2129161734133025408

System

Kepler-224

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.120 R⊕ · percentile 79 / cohort 1978
Mass 9.910 M⊕ · percentile 72 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 5.93 d · percentile 17 / cohort 1946
Distance 782.09 pc · percentile 64 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.306 · percentile 30 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
5.925 days
Semi-major axis
0.0580 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
84.90 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 5.93 Earth days (1.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0580 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.174 %

Duration

2.843 h

Impact parameter b

0.850

Rp / R★

0.036000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,002.7151

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,736 ppm lasting ≈ 2.84 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.036000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

9.550

Impact parameter (b)

0.850

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,002.7151

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.07420

Eq. Temperature

758K

(485 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

86.33

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.306

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-224

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,018 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.29 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.676 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.777 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.06

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.639 dex

Stellar density

2.060 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
782.09 parsec
Light-years 2,550.83 ly
V-band magnitude
15.80 mag
Voyager-speed travel 44,983,831 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.516.616.64B15.80V15.64Gaia15.64Kepler15.05TESS16.32Sloan g15.60Sloan r15.36Sloan i15.23Sloan z14.21J13.72H13.70K13.69W113.73W212.73W39.54W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.250 mas

Total Proper Motion

9.934 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-0.95 mas/yr

PM Declination

-9.89 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.242 · y = -0.633 · z = 0.736

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 290.93427° · Dec 47.35754°

Galactic ℓ, b

79.077° · 14.521°

Ecliptic λ, β

310.051° · 67.906°

HTM-20 index

-163657889

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