Key parameters at a glance
- A radius of 2.05 Earth radii
- A mass of 4.86 Earth masses
- Surface gravity around 1.16 g
- An orbital period of 20.061 days
- Semi-major axis 0.1220 AU
- Equilibrium temperature 401 K (128 °C)
- Distance from Earth 1,396.01 light-years
- Earth Similarity Index 0.644
- Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 24,618,571 years
- Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit
3 siblings around Kepler-235
Kepler-235 d shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.
| Planet | Type | Radius (R⊕) | Mass (M⊕) | Period (d) | Eq. T (K) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler-235 b | Sub-Neptune | 2.23 | 5.60 | 3.340 | 731 | 2014 |
| Kepler-235 c | Super-Earth | 1.28 | 2.18 | 7.825 | 555 | 2014 |
| Kepler-235 d this | Sub-Neptune | 2.05 | 4.86 | 20.061 | 401 | 2014 |
| Kepler-235 e | Sub-Neptune | 2.22 | 5.56 | 46.184 | 306 | 2014 |
Kepler-235 d Planet Profile
Physical Specs
Classification
Planet Type
Sub-Neptune
Discovery
Size rank in cohort
Rank by radius
#1888of 1978
top 95.4%
This planet
2.05R⊕
Sub-Neptune median
2.71R⊕
Nearest-size peers
| Metric | Earth | Kepler-235 d | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radius (R⊕) | 1.00 | 2.05 | 11.21 |
| Mass (M⊕) | 1.00 | 4.86 | 317.83 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 5.51 | 3.10 | 1.33 |
| Surface Gravity (g) | 1.00 | 1.16 | 2.53 |
| Insolation (S⊕) | 1.00 | 4.03 | 0.037 |
Star Catalogue Identifiers
TIC
TIC 120765183
Gaia DR2
Gaia DR2 2100082125479729792
Gaia DR3
Gaia DR3 2100082125479729792
System
Kepler-235
Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort
Orbit & Habitability
Orbital Dynamics
Year Length
A year here lasts approximately 20.06 Earth days (5.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1220 AU.
Transit Fingerprint
Depth
0.149 %
Duration
3.312 h
Impact parameter b
0.110
Rp / R★
0.037630
Transit midpoint (BJD)
2,454,980.4615
Photometric dip
Transit produces a flux drop of 1,495 ppm lasting ≈ 3.31 h.
Extended Orbital Architecture
Planet / star radius ratio
0.037630
Semi-major axis / stellar radius
46.760
Impact parameter (b)
0.110
Transit mid-time (BJD)
2,454,980.4615
Angular separation (arcsec)
0.28500
Eq. Temperature
401K
(128 °C)
Insolation (S⊕)
4.03
Earth = 1.00
Earth Similarity (ESI)
0.644
0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical
Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.
Discovery Paper
Primary reference
Rowe et al. 2014Instrument
Kepler CCD Array
Publication
2014-03
Observation locale
Space
Discovery cohort
Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).
Host System: Kepler-235
Spectral Class
M-type red dwarf
Effective Temperature
4,255 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)
Estimated Age
6.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)
Stellar Radius
0.554 R☉
Stellar Mass
0.581 M☉
Metallicity [Fe/H]
-0.51
Extended Stellar Properties
Surface gravity (log g)
4.730 dex
Stellar density
4.140 g/cm³
Rotation period
39.49 days
Metallicity ratio
[Fe/H]
Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands
Astrometric Data
Parallax
2.308 mas
Total Proper Motion
19.229 mas/yr
PM Right Ascension
-4.23 mas/yr
PM Declination
-18.76 mas/yr
Galactic Cartesian (pc)
x = 0.214 · y = -0.744 · z = 0.633
Equatorial (J2000)
RA 286.07908° · Dec 39.27824°
Galactic ℓ, b
69.973° · 14.477°
Ecliptic λ, β
296.465° · 61.248°
HTM-20 index
538213194
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