Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-391 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-391, located approximately 2,835.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.50 Earth radii
  • A mass of 1,100.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 176.00 g
  • An orbital period of 7.418 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0830 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 930 K (657 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,835.07 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.083
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 49,996,375 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around Kepler-391

Kepler-391 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-391 b this Sub-Neptune 2.50 1,100.00 7.418 930 2014
Kepler-391 c Sub-Neptune 2.88 450.00 20.501 662 2014

Kepler-391 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.50 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.223 R♃
Mass
1,100.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
3.461 M♃
Density
380.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
176.00 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.083
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1168of 1978

top 59.0%

This planet

2.50R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-391 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.5011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.001,100.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.51380.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.00176.002.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00690.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 1,100.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 290032428

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2133196151531241216

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2133196151531241216

System

Kepler-391

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.500 R⊕ · percentile 40 / cohort 1978
Mass 1,100.000 M⊕ · percentile 100 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 7.42 d · percentile 24 / cohort 1946
Distance 869.24 pc · percentile 71 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.083 · percentile 0 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
7.418 days
Semi-major axis
0.0830 AU
Eccentricity
0.460
Inclination
85.50 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 7.42 Earth days (2.0% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.0830 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.007 %

Duration

7.120 h

Impact parameter b

0.380

Rp / R★

0.007950

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,690.3959

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 73 ppm lasting ≈ 7.12 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.007950

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

6.200

Impact parameter (b)

0.380

RV semi-amplitude (K)

340.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,690.3959

Long. of periastron (ω)

103.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.09550

Eq. Temperature

930K

(657 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

690.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.083

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-391

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,038 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.37 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

2.879 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.270 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

3.620 dex

Stellar density

0.082 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

21.59 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.60 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.140

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
869.24 parsec
Light-years 2,835.07 ly
V-band magnitude
13.18 mag
Voyager-speed travel 49,996,375 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.214.114.08B13.18V12.98Gaia13.01Kepler12.40TESS13.68Sloan g12.93Sloan r12.72Sloan i12.56Sloan z11.56J11.07H10.97K10.93W111.00W210.91W39.17W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.122 mas

Total Proper Motion

12.788 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

10.30 mas/yr

PM Declination

7.58 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.221 · y = -0.588 · z = 0.778

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 290.62188° · Dec 51.05735°

Galactic ℓ, b

82.499° · 16.206°

Ecliptic λ, β

313.858° · 71.369°

HTM-20 index

224213488

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