Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.20 Earth radii
A mass of 6.00 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 4.17 g
An orbital period of 68.958 days
Semi-major axis 0.3192 AU
Equilibrium temperature 438 K (165 °C)
Distance from Earth 222.35 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.530
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,921,148 years

Kepler-409 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.20 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.107 R♃

Mass

6.00 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.019 M♃

Density

19.00 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

4.17 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Rocky Terrestrial

ESI Score 0.530

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#95of 570

top 16.5%

This planet

1.20R⊕

Rocky Terrestrial median

1.01R⊕

Nearest-size peers

TOI-1411 b 1.20 R⊕ Kepler-282 c 1.20 R⊕ Kepler-225 b 1.20 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-409 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.20	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6.00	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	19.00	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	4.17	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	6.15	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	6.000 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i)	1.385 M⊕	Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 270619260

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2128215909315876352

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2128215909315876352

System

Kepler-409

Percentile among Rocky Terrestrial cohort

Radius 1.199 R⊕ · percentile 83 / cohort 570

Mass 6.000 M⊕ · percentile 96 / cohort 570

Orbital period 68.96 d · percentile 99 / cohort 567

Distance 68.17 pc · percentile 21 / cohort 566

ESI 0.530 · percentile 73 / cohort 570

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

68.958 days

Semi-major axis

0.3192 AU

Eccentricity

0.690

Inclination

86.30 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 68.96 Earth days (18.9% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.3192 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.012 %

Duration

3.085 h

Impact parameter b

0.900

Rp / R★

0.010025

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,012.0829

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 124 ppm lasting ≈ 3.09 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.010025

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

170.720

Impact parameter (b)

0.900

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.600 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,012.0829

Angular separation (arcsec)

4.68000

Eq. Temperature

438K

(165 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

6.15

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.530

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Marcy et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-186 e · Super-Earth Kepler-395 c · Super-Earth Kepler-220 e · Super-Earth Kepler-249 d · Super-Earth Kepler-296 f · Super-Earth Kepler-367 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-296 e · Super-Earth Kepler-155 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-138 d · Super-Earth Kepler-333 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-331 d · Super-Earth Kepler-267 d · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-409

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,421 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.80 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.897 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.913 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.05

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.500 dex

Stellar density

1.810 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-28.26 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

68.17 parsec

Light-years 222.35 ly

V-band magnitude

9.64 mag

Voyager-speed travel 3,921,148 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

14.640 mas

Total Proper Motion

7.607 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

4.67 mas/yr

PM Declination

-6.01 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.275 · y = -0.626 · z = 0.730

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 293.67921° · Dec 46.85273°

Galactic ℓ, b

79.433° · 12.617°

Ecliptic λ, β

313.997° · 66.711°

HTM-20 index

-1334306583