Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.53 Earth radii
A mass of 12.09 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 5.17 g
An orbital period of 20.996 days
Semi-major axis 0.1260 AU
Equilibrium temperature 328 K (55 °C)
Distance from Earth 886.17 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.728
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 15,627,591 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around Kepler-54

Kepler-54 d shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
Kepler-54 b	Sub-Neptune	2.10	0.98	8.011	453	2012
Kepler-54 c	Rocky Terrestrial	1.23	0.70	12.072	395	2012
Kepler-54 d this	Super-Earth	1.53	12.09	20.996	328	2014

Kepler-54 d Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.53 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.136 R♃

Mass

12.09 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.038 M♃

Density

9.20 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

5.17 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.728

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#687of 1176

top 58.3%

This planet

1.53R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-228 b 1.53 R⊕ Kepler-147 b 1.53 R⊕ Kepler-296 e 1.53 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-54 d	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.53	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	12.09	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	9.20	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	5.17	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	3.43	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	12.095 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 271262203

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2077974687557384704

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2077974687557384704

System

Kepler-54

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.530 R⊕ · percentile 40 / cohort 1176

Mass 12.095 M⊕ · percentile 97 / cohort 1176

Orbital period 21.00 d · percentile 86 / cohort 1164

Distance 271.70 pc · percentile 29 / cohort 1171

ESI 0.728 · percentile 86 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

20.996 days

Semi-major axis

0.1260 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.79 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 21.00 Earth days (5.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1260 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.077 %

Duration

2.698 h

Impact parameter b

0.230

Rp / R★

0.026962

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,985.3200

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 767 ppm lasting ≈ 2.70 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.026962

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

14.600

Impact parameter (b)

0.230

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,985.3200

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.46400

Eq. Temperature

328K

(55 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

3.43

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.728

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — liquid water is physically possible with adequate atmospheric pressure. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-186 e · Super-Earth Kepler-395 c · Super-Earth Kepler-220 e · Super-Earth Kepler-249 d · Super-Earth Kepler-296 f · Super-Earth Kepler-367 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-296 e · Super-Earth Kepler-155 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-138 d · Super-Earth Kepler-333 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-331 d · Super-Earth Kepler-267 d · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-54

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

4,252 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.83 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.554 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.518 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.27

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.730 dex

Stellar density

0.180 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

271.70 parsec

Light-years 886.17 ly

V-band magnitude

16.28 mag

Voyager-speed travel 15,627,591 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.652 mas

Total Proper Motion

18.499 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

0.03 mas/yr

PM Declination

-18.50 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.306 · y = -0.663 · z = 0.683

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 294.77392° · Dec 43.05620°

Galactic ℓ, b

76.345° · 10.198°

Ecliptic λ, β

312.243° · 62.908°

HTM-20 index

-1445206968