Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2019

Qatar-9 b

A gas giant orbiting the k-type orange Qatar-9, located approximately 697.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 11.31 Earth radii
  • A mass of 378.22 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.96 g
  • An orbital period of 1.541 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0234 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,134 K (861 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 697.23 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.139
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 12,295,596 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Qatar-9 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
11.31 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.009 R♃
Mass
378.22 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
1.190 M♃
Density
1.43 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.96 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.139
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2019
Method Transit
Facility Qatar
Telescope Canon 400mm f/2.8L

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1614of 1771

top 91.1%

This planet

11.31R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Qatar-9 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.3111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00378.22317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.431.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.962.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00210.670.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 378.218 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 149918151

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1048109222955337600

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1048109222955337600

System

Qatar-9

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 11.310 R⊕ · percentile 9 / cohort 1771
Mass 378.218 M⊕ · percentile 40 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 1.54 d · percentile 3 / cohort 1533
Distance 213.77 pc · percentile 52 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.139 · percentile 35 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
1.541 days
Semi-major axis
0.0234 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.23 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 1.54 Earth days (0.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0234 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

2.731 %

Duration

1.867 h

Impact parameter b

0.097

Rp / R★

0.148900

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,227.7564

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 27,310 ppm lasting ≈ 1.87 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.148900

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

7.236

Impact parameter (b)

0.097

RV semi-amplitude (K)

259.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,227.7564

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.10900

Eq. Temperature

1,134K

(861 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

210.67

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.139

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Alsubai et al. 2019

Instrument

FLI ProLine 4K CCD Sensor

Publication

2019-06

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2019 at Qatar (3 shown).

Host System: Qatar-9

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,309 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

7.50 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.696 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.719 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.25

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.610 dex

Stellar density

3.015 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

2.92 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

4.30 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
213.77 parsec
Light-years 697.23 ly
V-band magnitude
14.02 mag
Voyager-speed travel 12,295,596 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.017.417.42U15.52B14.02V13.69Gaia12.92TESS15.65Sloan g13.84Sloan r13.50Sloan i13.45Sloan z11.84J11.24H11.10K11.04W111.12W211.01W39.01W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

4.649 mas

Total Proper Motion

31.878 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-23.74 mas/yr

PM Declination

-21.27 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.458 · y = 0.160 · z = 0.874

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 160.74810° · Dec 60.96412°

Galactic ℓ, b

146.527° · 49.867°

Ecliptic λ, β

132.809° · 47.605°

HTM-20 index

-638480259

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