Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2024

TOI-1249 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-1249, located approximately 455.0 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.27 Earth radii
  • A mass of 11.90 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.11 g
  • An orbital period of 13.079 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1090 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 727 K (454 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 454.96 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.317
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 8,023,131 years

TOI-1249 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.27 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.292 R♃
Mass
11.90 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.037 M♃
Density
1.84 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.11 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.317
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2024
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#296of 1978

top 14.9%

This planet

3.27R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-1249 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.2711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0011.90317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.841.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.112.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0048.610.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 11.900 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 232976128

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1678371724905519744

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1678371724905519744

System

TOI-1249

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.271 R⊕ · percentile 85 / cohort 1978
Mass 11.900 M⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 13.08 d · percentile 45 / cohort 1946
Distance 139.49 pc · percentile 24 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.317 · percentile 32 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
13.079 days
Semi-major axis
0.1090 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
°

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 13.08 Earth days (3.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1090 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.114 %

Duration

3.145 h

Impact parameter b

0.636

Rp / R★

0.030647

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,694.3804

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,143 ppm lasting ≈ 3.15 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.030647

Impact parameter (b)

0.636

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.200 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,694.3804

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.78100

Eq. Temperature

727K

(454 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

48.61

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.317

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Polanski et al. 2024

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2024-06

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-1249

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,497 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.00 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.979 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.006 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.30

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.457 dex

Stellar density

1.500 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
139.49 parsec
Light-years 454.96 ly
V-band magnitude
11.09 mag
Voyager-speed travel 8,023,131 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.016.714.88U11.75B11.09V10.70Gaia10.21TESS16.67Sloan g10.73Sloan r10.56Sloan i12.92Sloan z9.54J9.20H9.13K9.09W19.15W29.06W39.03W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

7.140 mas

Total Proper Motion

48.615 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-14.79 mas/yr

PM Declination

-46.31 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.376 · y = -0.141 · z = 0.916

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 200.56158° · Dec 66.30853°

Galactic ℓ, b

118.072° · 50.528°

Ecliptic λ, β

148.030° · 63.675°

HTM-20 index

-1239039848

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