Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2024

TOI-1994 b

A gas giant orbiting the a-type white TOI-1994, located approximately 1,681.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 13.67 Earth radii
  • A mass of 7,024.01 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 37.56 g
  • An orbital period of 4.034 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0613 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 2,290 K (2017 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,681.67 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.051
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 29,656,251 years

TOI-1994 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
13.67 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.220 R♃
Mass
7,024.01 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
22.100 M♃
Density
15.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
37.56 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.051
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2024
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#598of 1771

top 33.7%

This planet

13.67R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-1994 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0013.6711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.007,024.01317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5115.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.0037.562.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.001,910.260.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 7,024.008 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 445903569

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5405557504173563648

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5405557504184474496

System

TOI-1994

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 13.675 R⊕ · percentile 66 / cohort 1771
Mass 7,024.008 M⊕ · percentile 98 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 4.03 d · percentile 29 / cohort 1533
Distance 515.60 pc · percentile 75 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.051 · percentile 5 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
4.034 days
Semi-major axis
0.0613 AU
Eccentricity
0.341
Inclination
85.50 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.03 Earth days (1.1% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.0613 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.297 %

Duration

4.044 h

Impact parameter b

0.320

Rp / R★

0.054490

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,854.3726

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 2,969 ppm lasting ≈ 4.04 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.054490

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

5.720

Impact parameter (b)

0.320

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1,970.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,854.3726

Long. of periastron (ω)

131.60°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.11900

Eq. Temperature

2,290K

(2017 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

1,910.26

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.051

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Page et al. 2024

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2024-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-1994

Spectral Class

A-type white

Effective Temperature

7,700 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.94 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

2.300 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.860 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

3.982 dex

Stellar density

0.215 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
515.60 parsec
Light-years 1,681.67 ly
V-band magnitude
10.51 mag
Voyager-speed travel 29,656,251 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.910.810.81B10.51V10.43Gaia10.24TESS9.92J9.84H9.78K9.77W19.82W210.04W38.89W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.911 mas

Total Proper Motion

13.659 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-13.55 mas/yr

PM Declination

-1.74 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.520 · y = 0.336 · z = -0.785

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 147.17458° · Dec -51.75656°

Galactic ℓ, b

276.633° · 1.532°

Ecliptic λ, β

180.497° · -58.655°

HTM-20 index

-1102743888

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