Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 6.43 Earth radii
A mass of 32.59 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.79 g
An orbital period of 4.545 days
Semi-major axis 0.0361 AU
Equilibrium temperature 441 K (168 °C)
Distance from Earth 140.72 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.364
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,481,586 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-3884 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

6.43 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.574 R♃

Mass

32.59 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.103 M♃

Density

0.67 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.79 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.364

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2022

Method Transit

Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#244of 574

top 42.3%

This planet

6.43R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-1628 b 6.43 R⊕ MOA-2015-BLG-337L b 6.42 R⊕ Kepler-891 b 6.41 R⊕

Metric	Earth	TOI-3884 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	6.43	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	32.59	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	0.67	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.79	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	6.29	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	32.590 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 86263325

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3919169687804622336

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3919169687804622336

System

TOI-3884

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 6.430 R⊕ · percentile 57 / cohort 574

Mass 32.590 M⊕ · percentile 54 / cohort 574

Orbital period 4.54 d · percentile 18 / cohort 524

Distance 43.14 pc · percentile 13 / cohort 572

ESI 0.364 · percentile 66 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

4.545 days

Semi-major axis

0.0361 AU

Eccentricity

0.060

Inclination

89.81 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.54 Earth days (1.2% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0361 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

3.560 %

Duration

1.600 h

Impact parameter b

0.089

Rp / R★

0.197000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,556.5167

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 35,599 ppm lasting ≈ 1.60 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.197000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

25.900

Impact parameter (b)

0.089

RV semi-amplitude (K)

28.030 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,556.5167

Long. of periastron (ω)

-112.00°

Sky-projected obliquity (λ)

75.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.83700

Eq. Temperature

441K

(168 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

6.29

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.364

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Almenara et al. 2022

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2022-10

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2022 at Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (12 shown).

TOI-1452 b · Super-Earth TOI-712 d · Sub-Neptune TOI-1468 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-2136 b · Sub-Neptune LTT 1445 A c · Rocky Terrestrial TOI-712 c · Sub-Neptune LP 890-9 b · Super-Earth TOI-2081 b · Sub-Neptune GJ 3929 b · Rocky Terrestrial HD 260655 c · Super-Earth HD 73583 c · Sub-Neptune TOI-1759 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: TOI-3884

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,180 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

—

Stellar Radius

0.302 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.298 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.970 dex

Stellar density

15.260 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

3.16 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

3.59 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

43.14 parsec

Light-years 140.72 ly

V-band magnitude

15.74 mag

Voyager-speed travel 2,481,586 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

23.149 mas

Total Proper Motion

187.853 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-186.01 mas/yr

PM Declination

26.25 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.976 · y = -0.027 · z = 0.217

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 181.57183° · Dec 12.50703°

Galactic ℓ, b

264.845° · 71.954°

Ecliptic λ, β

176.386° · 12.084°

HTM-20 index

351525303