Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-5261 b

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-5261, located approximately 1,229.8 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 11.60 Earth radii
  • A mass of 3,651.85 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 27.13 g
  • An orbital period of 4.151 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0513 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,244 K (971 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,229.78 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.116
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 21,687,244 years

TOI-5261 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
11.60 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.035 R♃
Mass
3,651.85 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
11.490 M♃
Density
12.90 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
27.13 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.116
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1576of 1771

top 88.9%

This planet

11.60R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-5261 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.6011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.003,651.85317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5112.901.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.0027.132.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00159.590.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 3,651.848 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 402828941

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1816307618977868544

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1816307623283205248

System

TOI-5261

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 11.601 R⊕ · percentile 11 / cohort 1771
Mass 3,651.848 M⊕ · percentile 90 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 4.15 d · percentile 31 / cohort 1533
Distance 377.05 pc · percentile 68 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.116 · percentile 31 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
4.151 days
Semi-major axis
0.0513 AU
Eccentricity
0.159
Inclination
86.07 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.15 Earth days (1.1% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0513 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.153 %

Duration

2.359 h

Impact parameter b

0.666

Rp / R★

0.104100

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,716.9310

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 11,530 ppm lasting ≈ 2.36 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.104100

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

10.810

Impact parameter (b)

0.666

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1,424.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,716.9310

Long. of periastron (ω)

32.40°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.13600

Eq. Temperature

1,244K

(971 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

159.59

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.116

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Schulte et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-09

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-5261

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,790 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.20 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.021 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.037 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.25

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.436 dex

Stellar density

1.370 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

5.73 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
377.05 parsec
Light-years 1,229.78 ly
V-band magnitude
12.68 mag
Voyager-speed travel 21,687,244 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.113.413.39B12.68V12.60Gaia12.14TESS11.53J11.23H11.16K11.11W111.17W211.36W39.07W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.625 mas

Total Proper Motion

26.608 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-17.45 mas/yr

PM Declination

-20.09 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.547 · y = -0.768 · z = 0.333

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 305.45855° · Dec 19.43585°

Galactic ℓ, b

60.854° · -9.834°

Ecliptic λ, β

313.700° · 37.650°

HTM-20 index

-652696636

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