Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2024

TOI-5720 b

A rocky terrestrial orbiting the m-type red dwarf TOI-5720, located approximately 116.8 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.09 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.30 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 3.62 g
  • An orbital period of 1.434 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0183 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 708 K (435 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 116.85 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.326
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,060,603 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-5720 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.09 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.097 R♃
Mass
4.30 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.014 M♃
Density
g/cm³
Surface Gravity
3.62 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Rocky Terrestrial

ESI Score 0.326
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2024
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#240of 570

top 41.9%

This planet

1.09R⊕

Rocky Terrestrial median

1.01R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-5720 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.0911.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.30317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.003.622.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0041.700.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 4.300 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 230055368

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3994047048130880384

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3994047048130880384

System

TOI-5720

Percentile among Rocky Terrestrial cohort

Radius 1.090 R⊕ · percentile 56 / cohort 570
Mass 4.300 M⊕ · percentile 95 / cohort 570
Orbital period 1.43 d · percentile 16 / cohort 567
Distance 35.83 pc · percentile 15 / cohort 566
ESI 0.326 · percentile 45 / cohort 570

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
1.434 days
Semi-major axis
0.0183 AU
Eccentricity
Inclination
89.30 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 1.43 Earth days (0.4% of a terrestrial year) at a mean orbital distance of 0.0183 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.073 %

Duration

1.020 h

Impact parameter b

0.140

Rp / R★

0.027960

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,460,076.9025

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 725 ppm lasting ≈ 1.02 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.027960

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

10.970

Impact parameter (b)

0.140

RV semi-amplitude (K)

64.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,460,076.9025

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.51000

Eq. Temperature

708K

(435 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

41.70

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.326

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Barkaoui et al. 2024

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2024-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-5720

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,325 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.383 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.383 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.03

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

5.010 dex

Stellar density

9.615 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

3.40 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
35.83 parsec
Light-years 116.85 ly
V-band magnitude
13.85 mag
Voyager-speed travel 2,060,603 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

9.317.017.03U15.47B13.85V12.82Gaia11.62TESS15.44Sloan g14.90Sloan r12.28Sloan i12.34Sloan z10.12J9.49H9.29K

Astrometric Data

Parallax

27.885 mas

Total Proper Motion

362.116 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-350.37 mas/yr

PM Declination

-91.49 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.891 · y = 0.152 · z = 0.427

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 170.31358° · Dec 25.27329°

Galactic ℓ, b

213.073° · 69.713°

Ecliptic λ, β

160.853° · 19.341°

HTM-20 index

-256162313

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