Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-6420 b

A gas giant orbiting the f-type yellow-white TOI-6420, located approximately 2,070.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 11.94 Earth radii
  • A mass of 2,606.19 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 18.29 g
  • An orbital period of 6.962 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0753 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,213 K (940 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,070.15 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.132
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 36,507,116 years

TOI-6420 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
11.94 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.065 R♃
Mass
2,606.19 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
8.200 M♃
Density
8.40 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
18.29 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.132
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1523of 1771

top 85.9%

This planet

11.94R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-6420 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.9411.21
Mass (M⊕)1.002,606.19317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.518.401.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.0018.292.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00106.620.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 2,606.193 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 143526233

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5707456527828738048

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5707456527828738048

System

TOI-6420

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 11.938 R⊕ · percentile 14 / cohort 1771
Mass 2,606.193 M⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 6.96 d · percentile 41 / cohort 1533
Distance 634.71 pc · percentile 79 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.132 · percentile 34 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
6.962 days
Semi-major axis
0.0753 AU
Eccentricity
0.078
Inclination
85.80 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 6.96 Earth days (1.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0753 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.649 %

Duration

2.750 h

Impact parameter b

0.849

Rp / R★

0.083500

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,909.2703

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 6,490 ppm lasting ≈ 2.75 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.083500

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

12.330

Impact parameter (b)

0.849

RV semi-amplitude (K)

785.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,909.2703

Long. of periastron (ω)

48.40°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.11900

Eq. Temperature

1,213K

(940 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

106.62

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.132

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Schulte et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-09

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-6420

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,020 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.40 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.312 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.165 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.24

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.268 dex

Stellar density

0.726 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

6.42 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
634.71 parsec
Light-years 2,070.15 ly
V-band magnitude
12.99 mag
Voyager-speed travel 36,507,116 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.013.613.62B12.99V12.90Gaia12.49TESS11.89J11.64H11.62K11.53W111.56W211.45W39.04W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.548 mas

Total Proper Motion

9.041 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-8.85 mas/yr

PM Declination

1.87 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.549 · y = 0.769 · z = -0.328

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 125.54430° · Dec -19.12429°

Galactic ℓ, b

240.635° · 10.073°

Ecliptic λ, β

133.684° · -37.328°

HTM-20 index

-517980567

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