Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2007

XO-2 N b

A gas giant orbiting the k-type orange XO-2 N, located approximately 503.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 11.13 Earth radii
  • A mass of 179.89 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.45 g
  • An orbital period of 2.616 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0368 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,328 K (1055 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 503.17 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.105
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 8,873,414 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

XO-2 N b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
11.13 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.993 R♃
Mass
179.89 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.566 M♃
Density
0.72 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.45 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.105
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2007
Method Transit
Facility XO
Telescope Canon 200mm f/1.8L

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1646of 1771

top 92.9%

This planet

11.13R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth XO-2 N b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.1311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00179.89317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.721.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.452.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00428.040.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 179.892 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 356473034

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 934346809278715776

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 934346809278715776

System

XO-2

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 11.131 R⊕ · percentile 7 / cohort 1771
Mass 179.892 M⊕ · percentile 16 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 2.62 d · percentile 11 / cohort 1533
Distance 154.27 pc · percentile 45 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.105 · percentile 28 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.616 days
Semi-major axis
0.0368 AU
Eccentricity
0.028
Inclination
88.01 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.62 Earth days (0.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0368 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.336 %

Duration

2.684 h

Impact parameter b

0.280

Rp / R★

0.103040

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,508.7383

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 13,363 ppm lasting ≈ 2.68 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.103040

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

7.986

Impact parameter (b)

0.280

RV semi-amplitude (K)

90.170 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,508.7383

Long. of periastron (ω)

261.00°

Sky-projected obliquity (λ)

7.00°

True obliquity (ψ)

27.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.23900

Eq. Temperature

1,328K

(1055 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

428.04

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.105

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Burke et al. 2007

Instrument

Apogee CCD Array

Publication

2007-12

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: XO-2 N

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,340 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

7.80 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.990 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.971 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.43

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.433 dex

Stellar density

1.410 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

46.93 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

1.07 km/s

Rotation period

28.60 days

Distance
154.27 parsec
Light-years 503.17 ly
V-band magnitude
11.25 mag
Voyager-speed travel 8,873,414 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.814.914.94U11.95B11.25V10.97Gaia10.45TESS14.80Sloan g14.50Sloan r10.80Sloan i13.10Sloan z10.24Ic9.74J9.34H9.31K9.24W19.31W29.24W38.83W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.454 mas

Total Proper Motion

157.111 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-29.73 mas/yr

PM Declination

-154.27 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.291 · y = 0.570 · z = 0.769

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 117.02677° · Dec 50.22515°

Galactic ℓ, b

168.290° · 29.328°

Ecliptic λ, β

109.330° · 28.584°

HTM-20 index

-142096766

Observation Record

Photometric series

42

RV measurements

3

Transmission spectra

5

Emission spectra

3

Archive notes

3

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