Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2009

HAT-P-12 b

A gas giant orbiting the k-type orange HAT-P-12, located approximately 465.6 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 10.75 Earth radii
  • A mass of 67.06 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.58 g
  • An orbital period of 3.213 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0384 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 963 K (690 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 465.59 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.132
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 8,210,696 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

HAT-P-12 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
10.75 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.959 R♃
Mass
67.06 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.211 M♃
Density
0.32 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.58 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.132
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2009
Method Transit
Facility HATNet
Telescope Canon 200mm f/1.8L

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1702of 1771

top 96.0%

This planet

10.75R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth HAT-P-12 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0010.7511.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0067.06317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.321.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.582.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00118.080.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 67.059 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i) 66.109 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 198108326

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1499514786891168640

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1499514786891168640

System

HAT-P-12

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 10.749 R⊕ · percentile 4 / cohort 1771
Mass 67.059 M⊕ · percentile 1 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 3.21 d · percentile 19 / cohort 1533
Distance 142.75 pc · percentile 43 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.132 · percentile 34 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
3.213 days
Semi-major axis
0.0384 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.00 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.21 Earth days (0.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0384 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.977 %

Duration

2.338 h

Impact parameter b

0.211

Rp / R★

0.140600

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,419.1956

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 19,770 ppm lasting ≈ 2.34 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.140600

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

11.770

Impact parameter (b)

0.211

RV semi-amplitude (K)

35.800 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,419.1956

Long. of periastron (ω)

354.30°

Sky-projected obliquity (λ)

-54.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.26900

Eq. Temperature

963K

(690 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

118.08

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.132

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Hartman et al. 2009

Instrument

2K CCD Sensor

Publication

2009-11

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: HAT-P-12

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,650 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.50 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.701 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.733 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.29

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.610 dex

Stellar density

3.109 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-40.51 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

0.50 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
142.75 parsec
Light-years 465.59 ly
V-band magnitude
12.67 mag
Voyager-speed travel 8,210,696 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

8.515.715.70U13.85B12.67V12.42Gaia11.76TESS14.18Sloan g12.57Sloan r12.15Sloan i12.89Sloan z10.79J10.24H10.11K10.08W110.14W210.02W38.49W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.976 mas

Total Proper Motion

141.882 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-134.79 mas/yr

PM Declination

-44.29 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.632 · y = -0.356 · z = 0.688

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 209.38865° · Dec 43.49331°

Galactic ℓ, b

87.993° · 68.876°

Ecliptic λ, β

184.775° · 50.632°

HTM-20 index

1870254252

Observation Record

Photometric series

7

RV measurements

1

Transmission spectra

18

Emission spectra

4

Archive notes

1

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