Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-28 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the m-type red dwarf K2-28, located approximately 205.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.32 Earth radii
  • A mass of 5.99 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.11 g
  • An orbital period of 2.260 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0214 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 568 K (295 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 205.47 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.455
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,623,431 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Context from the literature

K2-28 is a metal rich M4-type main sequence star. One confirmed transiting exoplanet is known to orbit this star. There is another star 5.2 arcseconds to the north–east of K2-28. However, this star has a different proper motion, and is therefore physically unrelated and probably a background star.

Excerpted from Wikipedia · full article

K2-28 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.32 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.207 R♃
Mass
5.99 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.019 M♃
Density
2.64 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.11 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.455
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1469of 1978

top 74.2%

This planet

2.32R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-28 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.3211.21
Mass (M⊕)1.005.99317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.641.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.112.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0030.100.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 39926974

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2622296783699476864

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2622296783699476864

System

K2-28

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.320 R⊕ · percentile 25 / cohort 1978
Mass 5.990 M⊕ · percentile 24 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 2.26 d · percentile 3 / cohort 1946
Distance 63.00 pc · percentile 14 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.455 · percentile 63 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.260 days
Semi-major axis
0.0214 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
88.90 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.26 Earth days (0.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0214 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.675 %

Duration

0.982 h

Impact parameter b

0.360

Rp / R★

0.073700

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,456,977.9901

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 6,750 ppm lasting ≈ 0.98 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.073700

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

17.900

Impact parameter (b)

0.360

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,456,977.9901

Long. of periastron (ω)

0.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.34000

Eq. Temperature

568K

(295 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

30.10

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.455

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Hirano et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-28

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,214 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.288 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.257 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.26

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.930 dex

Stellar density

15.200 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
63.00 parsec
Light-years 205.47 ly
V-band magnitude
16.53 mag
Voyager-speed travel 3,623,431 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.619.319.30U17.78B16.53V14.68Gaia14.85Kepler13.35TESS16.84Sloan g15.45Sloan r13.91Sloan i13.10Sloan z11.70J11.03H10.75K10.59W110.47W210.38W38.64W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

15.846 mas

Total Proper Motion

320.467 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-254.66 mas/yr

PM Declination

-194.55 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.902 · y = -0.409 · z = -0.138

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 335.62331° · Dec -7.95635°

Galactic ℓ, b

54.455° · -49.894°

Ecliptic λ, β

334.506° · 2.040°

HTM-20 index

1874278209

Similar Worlds

Explore Related Categories