Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

Kepler-1016 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-1016, located approximately 4,575.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.68 Earth radii
  • A mass of 13.10 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.97 g
  • An orbital period of 105.655 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.4352 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 407 K (134 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 4,575.38 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.505
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 80,686,850 years

1 sibling around Kepler-1016

Kepler-1016 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-1016 b Sub-Neptune 2.18 5.39 1.955 1,540 2016
Kepler-1016 c this Sub-Neptune 3.68 13.10 105.655 407 2016

Kepler-1016 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.68 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.328 R♃
Mass
13.10 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.041 M♃
Density
1.44 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.97 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.505
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#98of 1978

top 4.9%

This planet

3.68R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-1016 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.6811.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0013.10317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.441.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.972.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.007.070.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 271164596

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2080061393129929088

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2080061393129929088

System

Kepler-1016

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.680 R⊕ · percentile 95 / cohort 1978
Mass 13.100 M⊕ · percentile 88 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 105.66 d · percentile 94 / cohort 1946
Distance 1,402.82 pc · percentile 92 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.505 · percentile 71 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
105.655 days
Semi-major axis
0.4352 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.74 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 105.66 Earth days (28.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.4352 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.137 %

Duration

9.243 h

Impact parameter b

0.077

Rp / R★

0.033671

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,063.1003

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,367 ppm lasting ≈ 9.24 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.033671

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

90.020

Impact parameter (b)

0.077

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,063.1003

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.31000

Eq. Temperature

407K

(134 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

7.07

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.505

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-1016

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,821 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.89 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.000 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.990 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.03

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.440 dex

Stellar density

0.720 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
1,402.82 parsec
Light-years 4,575.38 ly
V-band magnitude
15.53 mag
Voyager-speed travel 80,686,850 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.516.116.13B15.53V15.32Gaia15.36Kepler14.84TESS15.82Sloan g15.29Sloan r15.16Sloan i15.07Sloan z14.18J13.84H13.73K13.65W113.72W213.31W39.46W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.685 mas

Total Proper Motion

2.610 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

2.33 mas/yr

PM Declination

1.18 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.289 · y = -0.632 · z = 0.719

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 294.61369° · Dec 45.98463°

Galactic ℓ, b

78.937° · 11.651°

Ecliptic λ, β

314.591° · 65.657°

HTM-20 index

-1266075439

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