Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2011

Kepler-16 b

A neptune-like orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-16, located approximately 244.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 8.45 Earth radii
  • A mass of 105.83 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.48 g
  • An orbital period of 228.776 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.7048 AU
  • Distance from Earth 244.89 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.399
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 4,318,721 years
brightness_6

Circumbinary planet

Kepler-16 b orbits a binary-star pair rather than a single host — a minority architecture in the confirmed catalogue.

Kepler-16 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
8.45 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.754 R♃
Mass
105.83 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.333 M♃
Density
0.96 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.48 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.399
HZ Position Unknown
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2011
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#126of 574

top 21.8%

This planet

8.45R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-16 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.008.4511.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00105.83317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.961.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.482.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 105.833 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 299096355

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2133476355197071616

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2133476355197071616

System

Kepler-16

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 8.449 R⊕ · percentile 78 / cohort 574
Mass 105.833 M⊕ · percentile 91 / cohort 574
Orbital period 228.78 d · percentile 91 / cohort 524
Distance 75.09 pc · percentile 20 / cohort 572
ESI 0.399 · percentile 73 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
228.776 days
Semi-major axis
0.7048 AU
Eccentricity
0.007
Inclination
90.03 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 228.78 Earth days (62.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.7048 AU.

Extended Orbital Architecture

RV semi-amplitude (K)

11.800 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,212.1232

Long. of periastron (ω)

318.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

9.39000

Eq. Temperature

 

Insolation (S⊕)

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.399

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Doyle et al. 2011

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2011-09

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-16

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,450 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.80 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.649 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.690 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.30

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.653 dex

Stellar density

3.563 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-33.81 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
75.09 parsec
Light-years 244.89 ly
V-band magnitude
12.14 mag
Voyager-speed travel 4,318,721 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

8.713.713.68B12.14V11.75Gaia11.76Kepler10.94TESS12.98Sloan g11.73Sloan r11.24Sloan i10.94Sloan z9.82J9.14H9.00K8.90W18.95W28.83W38.69W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

13.289 mas

Total Proper Motion

50.589 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

14.04 mas/yr

PM Declination

-48.60 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.202 · y = -0.585 · z = 0.785

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 289.07583° · Dec 51.75723°

Galactic ℓ, b

82.785° · 17.366°

Ecliptic λ, β

312.042° · 72.418°

HTM-20 index

31323343

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