Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.80 Earth radii
A mass of 8.24 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.05 g
An orbital period of 13.590 days
Semi-major axis 0.1072 AU
Equilibrium temperature 724 K (451 °C)
Distance from Earth 2,880.10 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.335
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 50,790,636 years

Kepler-1784 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.80 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.250 R♃

Mass

8.24 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.026 M♃

Density

2.06 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.05 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.335

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2021

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#751of 1978

top 37.9%

This planet

2.80R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-350 d 2.80 R⊕ Kepler-694 b 2.80 R⊕ Kepler-276 d 2.80 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-1784 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.80	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	8.24	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.06	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.05	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	64.80	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 273690421

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2079270981709055232

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2079270981709055232

System

Kepler-1784

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.799 R⊕ · percentile 62 / cohort 1978

Mass 8.240 M⊕ · percentile 57 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 13.59 d · percentile 46 / cohort 1946

Distance 883.05 pc · percentile 71 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.335 · percentile 37 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

13.590 days

Semi-major axis

0.1072 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.51 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 13.59 Earth days (3.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1072 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.070 %

Duration

3.784 h

Impact parameter b

0.232

Rp / R★

0.022536

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,966.0694

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 696 ppm lasting ≈ 3.78 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.022536

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

27.330

Impact parameter (b)

0.232

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,966.0694

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.12100

Eq. Temperature

724K

(451 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

64.80

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.335

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Valizadegan et al. 2022

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2022-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2021 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1816 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1705 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1948 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-196 d · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1853 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1840 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1881 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1858 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1874 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1802 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1749 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1849 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-1784

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,442 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

13.80 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.974 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.887 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.10

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.409 dex

Stellar density

2.092 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

883.05 parsec

Light-years 2,880.10 ly

V-band magnitude

15.42 mag

Voyager-speed travel 50,790,636 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.104 mas

Total Proper Motion

9.362 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

2.64 mas/yr

PM Declination

-8.98 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.333 · y = -0.628 · z = 0.703

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 297.95417° · Dec 44.66745°

Galactic ℓ, b

78.894° · 8.959°

Ecliptic λ, β

318.324° · 63.492°

HTM-20 index

1288390005