Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.49 Earth radii
A mass of 6.75 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.09 g
An orbital period of 3.035 days
Semi-major axis 0.0394 AU
Equilibrium temperature 1,143 K (870 °C)
Distance from Earth 3,268.47 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.216
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 57,639,545 years

Kepler-1946 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.49 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.222 R♃

Mass

6.75 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.021 M♃

Density

2.41 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.09 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.216

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2021

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1207of 1978

top 61.0%

This planet

2.49R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

LP 791-18 c 2.49 R⊕ Kepler-11 f 2.49 R⊕ Kepler-184 d 2.49 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-1946 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.49	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6.75	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.41	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.09	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	403.53	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 123451321

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2104797381093952256

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2104797381093952256

System

Kepler-1946

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.488 R⊕ · percentile 39 / cohort 1978

Mass 6.750 M⊕ · percentile 37 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 3.04 d · percentile 5 / cohort 1946

Distance 1,002.12 pc · percentile 78 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.216 · percentile 9 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

3.035 days

Semi-major axis

0.0394 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

86.14 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.04 Earth days (0.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0394 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.070 %

Duration

0.618 h

Impact parameter b

0.965

Rp / R★

0.037643

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,965.3291

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 697 ppm lasting ≈ 0.62 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.037643

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

14.330

Impact parameter (b)

0.965

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,965.3291

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.03930

Eq. Temperature

1,143K

(870 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

403.53

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.216

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Valizadegan et al. 2022

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2022-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2021 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1816 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1705 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1948 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-196 d · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1853 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1840 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1881 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1858 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1874 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1802 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1749 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1849 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-1946

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,505 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

—

Stellar Radius

0.873 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.887 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.503 dex

Stellar density

6.041 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

1,002.12 parsec

Light-years 3,268.47 ly

V-band magnitude

15.51 mag

Voyager-speed travel 57,639,545 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.970 mas

Total Proper Motion

21.449 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-5.10 mas/yr

PM Declination

-20.83 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.157 · y = -0.716 · z = 0.680

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 282.33554° · Dec 42.84534°

Galactic ℓ, b

72.329° · 18.424°

Ecliptic λ, β

292.049° · 65.343°

HTM-20 index

-752772089