Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-220 c

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-220, located approximately 558.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.57 Earth radii
  • A mass of 3.09 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.25 g
  • An orbital period of 9.034 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0760 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 586 K (313 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 558.08 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.506
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 9,841,780 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

3 siblings around Kepler-220

Kepler-220 c shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-220 b Rocky Terrestrial 0.81 0.46 4.160 759 2014
Kepler-220 c this Super-Earth 1.57 3.09 9.034 586 2014
Kepler-220 d Rocky Terrestrial 0.98 0.90 28.122 401 2014
Kepler-220 e Super-Earth 1.33 2.33 45.903 341 2014

Kepler-220 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.57 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.140 R♃
Mass
3.09 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.010 M♃
Density
4.39 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.25 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.506
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#618of 1176

top 52.5%

This planet

1.57R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-220 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.5711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.003.09317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.514.391.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.252.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0037.320.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 159759306

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2129084935820532608

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2129084935820532608

System

Kepler-220

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.570 R⊕ · percentile 47 / cohort 1176
Mass 3.090 M⊕ · percentile 42 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 9.03 d · percentile 62 / cohort 1164
Distance 171.11 pc · percentile 22 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.506 · percentile 73 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
9.034 days
Semi-major axis
0.0760 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
88.12 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 9.03 Earth days (2.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0760 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.058 %

Duration

1.486 h

Impact parameter b

0.060

Rp / R★

0.021785

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,004.0143

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 584 ppm lasting ≈ 1.49 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.021785

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

44.700

Impact parameter (b)

0.060

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,004.0143

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.44400

Eq. Temperature

586K

(313 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

37.32

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.506

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-220

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,632 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.666 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.729 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.17

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.652 dex

Stellar density

2.220 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

15.90 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
171.11 parsec
Light-years 558.08 ly
V-band magnitude
13.05 mag
Voyager-speed travel 9,841,780 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 15 bands

9.514.314.32B13.05V12.86Gaia13.18Kepler12.18TESS13.82Sloan g13.13Sloan r12.90Sloan i11.21J10.67H10.55K10.50W110.57W210.45W39.51W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

5.815 mas

Total Proper Motion

42.594 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-25.71 mas/yr

PM Declination

-33.96 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.251 · y = -0.636 · z = 0.730

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.50604° · Dec 46.89563°

Galactic ℓ, b

78.812° · 13.974°

Ecliptic λ, β

310.538° · 67.332°

HTM-20 index

-169065112

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