Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-236 b

A super-earth orbiting the m-type red dwarf Kepler-236, located approximately 941.8 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.57 Earth radii
  • A mass of 3.09 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.25 g
  • An orbital period of 8.296 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0650 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 469 K (196 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 941.82 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.618
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 16,608,957 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around Kepler-236

Kepler-236 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-236 b this Super-Earth 1.57 3.09 8.296 469 2014
Kepler-236 c Sub-Neptune 2.00 4.66 23.968 329 2014

Kepler-236 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.57 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.140 R♃
Mass
3.09 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.010 M♃
Density
4.39 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.25 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.618
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#618of 1176

top 52.5%

This planet

1.57R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-236 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.5711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.003.09317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.514.391.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.252.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0015.630.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 120044687

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2103311150611475968

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2103311150611475968

System

Kepler-236

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.570 R⊕ · percentile 47 / cohort 1176
Mass 3.090 M⊕ · percentile 42 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 8.30 d · percentile 59 / cohort 1164
Distance 288.76 pc · percentile 31 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.618 · percentile 81 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
8.296 days
Semi-major axis
0.0650 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
87.95 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 8.30 Earth days (2.3% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0650 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.082 %

Duration

1.328 h

Impact parameter b

0.670

Rp / R★

0.027493

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,968.7921

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 824 ppm lasting ≈ 1.33 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.027493

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

22.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.670

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,968.7921

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.22500

Eq. Temperature

469K

(196 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

15.63

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.618

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-236

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,750 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.91 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.510 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.596 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.05

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.753 dex

Stellar density

3.706 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
288.76 parsec
Light-years 941.82 ly
V-band magnitude
16.01 mag
Voyager-speed travel 16,608,957 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

9.419.519.53U17.44B16.01V15.37Gaia15.41Kepler14.40TESS16.89Sloan g15.46Sloan r14.74Sloan i14.36Sloan z13.22J12.54H12.31K12.22W112.24W212.25W39.37W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.434 mas

Total Proper Motion

23.516 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

9.25 mas/yr

PM Declination

21.62 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.184 · y = -0.745 · z = 0.641

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 283.86643° · Dec 39.89819°

Galactic ℓ, b

69.883° · 16.289°

Ecliptic λ, β

293.233° · 62.223°

HTM-20 index

-165574757

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