Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-236 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the m-type red dwarf Kepler-236, located approximately 941.8 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.00 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.66 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.17 g
  • An orbital period of 23.968 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1320 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 329 K (56 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 941.82 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.758
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 16,608,957 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around Kepler-236

Kepler-236 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-236 b Super-Earth 1.57 3.09 8.296 469 2014
Kepler-236 c this Sub-Neptune 2.00 4.66 23.968 329 2014

Kepler-236 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.00 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.178 R♃
Mass
4.66 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.015 M♃
Density
3.20 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.17 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.758
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1955of 1978

top 98.8%

This planet

2.00R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-236 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.0011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.66317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.201.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.172.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.003.800.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 120044687

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2103311150611475968

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2103311150611475968

System

Kepler-236

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.000 R⊕ · percentile 0 / cohort 1978
Mass 4.660 M⊕ · percentile 2 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 23.97 d · percentile 68 / cohort 1946
Distance 288.76 pc · percentile 34 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.758 · percentile 98 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
23.968 days
Semi-major axis
0.1320 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.47 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 23.97 Earth days (6.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1320 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.118 %

Duration

4.166 h

Impact parameter b

0.840

Rp / R★

0.033284

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,019.2169

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,182 ppm lasting ≈ 4.17 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.033284

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

45.000

Impact parameter (b)

0.840

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,019.2169

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.45700

Eq. Temperature

329K

(56 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

3.80

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.758

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — liquid water is physically possible with adequate atmospheric pressure. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-236

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

3,750 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.91 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.510 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.596 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.05

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.753 dex

Stellar density

3.706 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
288.76 parsec
Light-years 941.82 ly
V-band magnitude
16.01 mag
Voyager-speed travel 16,608,957 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

9.419.519.53U17.44B16.01V15.37Gaia15.41Kepler14.40TESS16.89Sloan g15.46Sloan r14.74Sloan i14.36Sloan z13.22J12.54H12.31K12.22W112.24W212.25W39.37W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.434 mas

Total Proper Motion

23.516 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

9.25 mas/yr

PM Declination

21.62 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.184 · y = -0.745 · z = 0.641

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 283.86643° · Dec 39.89819°

Galactic ℓ, b

69.883° · 16.289°

Ecliptic λ, β

293.233° · 62.223°

HTM-20 index

-165574757

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