Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-238 b

A super-earth orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-238, located approximately 5,866.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.73 Earth radii
  • A mass of 3,305.02 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1,104.29 g
  • An orbital period of 2.091 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0340 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,642 K (1369 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 5,866.73 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.036
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 103,459,796 years

4 siblings around Kepler-238

Kepler-238 b shares its host star with 4 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-238 b this Super-Earth 1.73 3,305.02 2.091 1,642 2014
Kepler-238 c Sub-Neptune 2.39 152.52 6.156 1,146 2014
Kepler-238 d Sub-Neptune 3.07 23.10 13.234 888 2014
Kepler-238 e Neptune-like 5.60 169.70 23.654 731 2013
Kepler-238 f Sub-Neptune 2.00 13.50 50.447 568 2013

Kepler-238 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.73 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.154 R♃
Mass
3,305.02 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
10.399 M♃
Density
526.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1,104.29 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.036
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#356of 1176

top 30.2%

This planet

1.73R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-238 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.7311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.003,305.02317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.51526.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001,104.292.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.002,500.590.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 3,305.020 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 121460918

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2100624562669914240

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2100624562669914240

System

Kepler-238

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.730 R⊕ · percentile 68 / cohort 1176
Mass 3,305.020 M⊕ · percentile 100 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 2.09 d · percentile 12 / cohort 1164
Distance 1,798.75 pc · percentile 97 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.036 · percentile 0 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.091 days
Semi-major axis
0.0340 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
77.03 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.09 Earth days (0.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0340 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.012 %

Duration

3.193 h

Impact parameter b

0.780

Rp / R★

0.009990

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,967.1647

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 116 ppm lasting ≈ 3.19 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.009990

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

2.765

Impact parameter (b)

0.780

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,967.1647

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.01890

Eq. Temperature

1,642K

(1369 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

2,500.59

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.036

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-238

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,751 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.79 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.430 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.229 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.34

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.194 dex

Stellar density

0.419 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
1,798.75 parsec
Light-years 5,866.73 ly
V-band magnitude
15.30 mag
Voyager-speed travel 103,459,796 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.316.016.02B15.30V15.02Gaia15.08Kepler14.54TESS15.60Sloan g15.00Sloan r14.86Sloan i14.77Sloan z13.89J13.55H13.51K13.50W113.56W212.86W39.33W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.527 mas

Total Proper Motion

0.843 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-0.17 mas/yr

PM Declination

-0.83 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.233 · y = -0.722 · z = 0.651

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 287.89711° · Dec 40.63781°

Galactic ℓ, b

71.835° · 13.749°

Ecliptic λ, β

300.023° · 62.224°

HTM-20 index

-1303763685

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