Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-261 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-261, located approximately 1,035.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.00 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.66 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.17 g
  • An orbital period of 24.571 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1560 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 505 K (232 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,035.54 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.534
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 18,261,783 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around Kepler-261

Kepler-261 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-261 b Sub-Neptune 2.18 5.39 10.381 672 2014
Kepler-261 c this Sub-Neptune 2.00 4.66 24.571 505 2014

Kepler-261 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.00 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.178 R♃
Mass
4.66 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.015 M♃
Density
3.20 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.17 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.534
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1955of 1978

top 98.8%

This planet

2.00R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-261 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.0011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.66317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.201.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.172.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0014.510.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 137148674

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2052528625536778624

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2052528625536778624

System

Kepler-261

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.000 R⊕ · percentile 0 / cohort 1978
Mass 4.660 M⊕ · percentile 2 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 24.57 d · percentile 69 / cohort 1946
Distance 317.50 pc · percentile 36 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.534 · percentile 75 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
24.571 days
Semi-major axis
0.1560 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
87.52 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 24.57 Earth days (6.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1560 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.075 %

Duration

2.761 h

Impact parameter b

0.190

Rp / R★

0.024880

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,968.8741

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 754 ppm lasting ≈ 2.76 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.024880

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

51.400

Impact parameter (b)

0.190

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,968.8741

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.49100

Eq. Temperature

505K

(232 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

14.51

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.534

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-261

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,098 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.87 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.794 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.834 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.16

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.561 dex

Stellar density

1.910 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
317.50 parsec
Light-years 1,035.54 ly
V-band magnitude
13.74 mag
Voyager-speed travel 18,261,783 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.716.116.13U15.05B13.74V13.53Gaia13.56Kepler12.95TESS14.25Sloan g12.20Sloan r15.75Sloan i13.15Sloan z12.13J11.67H11.59K11.54W111.61W211.68W38.72W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.121 mas

Total Proper Motion

15.371 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-4.20 mas/yr

PM Declination

14.79 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.289 · y = -0.738 · z = 0.610

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.36473° · Dec 37.60924°

Galactic ℓ, b

70.219° · 10.020°

Ecliptic λ, β

303.612° · 58.581°

HTM-20 index

1682083973

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