Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-324 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-324, located approximately 1,635.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.15 Earth radii
  • A mass of 6.20 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.62 g
  • An orbital period of 51.806 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.2600 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 410 K (137 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,635.91 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.548
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 28,849,336 years

3 siblings around Kepler-324

Kepler-324 c shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-324 b Rocky Terrestrial 1.14 2,414.40 4.385 935 2014
Kepler-324 e Sub-Neptune 2.04 235.01 13.979 635 2021
KOI-1831 d Rocky Terrestrial 1.13 2.23 34.169 475 2021
Kepler-324 c this Sub-Neptune 3.15 6.20 51.806 410 2014

Kepler-324 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.15 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.281 R♃
Mass
6.20 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.020 M♃
Density
1.73 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.62 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.548
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#391of 1978

top 19.7%

This planet

3.15R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-324 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.1511.21
Mass (M⊕)1.006.20317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.731.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.622.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.007.230.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 6.200 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 243271716

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2132078120004385152

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2132078120004385152

System

Kepler-324

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.150 R⊕ · percentile 80 / cohort 1978
Mass 6.200 M⊕ · percentile 29 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 51.81 d · percentile 86 / cohort 1946
Distance 501.57 pc · percentile 47 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.548 · percentile 76 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
51.806 days
Semi-major axis
0.2600 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.75 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 51.81 Earth days (14.2% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.2600 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.100 %

Duration

6.589 h

Impact parameter b

0.830

Rp / R★

0.030300

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,016.0005

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,004 ppm lasting ≈ 6.59 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.030300

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

23.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.830

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,016.0005

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.51800

Eq. Temperature

410K

(137 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

7.23

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.548

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-324

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,194 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.39 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.840 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.901 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.18

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.530 dex

Stellar density

1.852 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
501.57 parsec
Light-years 1,635.91 ly
V-band magnitude
14.22 mag
Voyager-speed travel 28,849,336 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.515.815.76B14.22V14.09Gaia14.12Kepler13.55TESS14.72Sloan g14.04Sloan r13.87Sloan i13.76Sloan z12.78J12.34H12.29K12.25W112.32W212.62W39.47W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.965 mas

Total Proper Motion

22.463 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-2.20 mas/yr

PM Declination

22.36 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.184 · y = -0.621 · z = 0.762

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 286.47145° · Dec 49.64909°

Galactic ℓ, b

80.093° · 18.132°

Ecliptic λ, β

304.556° · 71.118°

HTM-20 index

349022935

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