Key parameters at a glance
- A radius of 2.04 Earth radii
- A mass of 235.01 Earth masses
- Surface gravity around 56.55 g
- An orbital period of 13.979 days
- Semi-major axis 0.1097 AU
- Equilibrium temperature 635 K (362 °C)
- Distance from Earth 1,635.91 light-years
- Earth Similarity Index 0.166
- Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 28,849,336 years
- Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit
3 siblings around Kepler-324
Kepler-324 e shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.
| Planet | Type | Radius (R⊕) | Mass (M⊕) | Period (d) | Eq. T (K) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler-324 b | Rocky Terrestrial | 1.14 | 2,414.40 | 4.385 | 935 | 2014 |
| Kepler-324 e this | Sub-Neptune | 2.04 | 235.01 | 13.979 | 635 | 2021 |
| KOI-1831 d | Rocky Terrestrial | 1.13 | 2.23 | 34.169 | 475 | 2021 |
| Kepler-324 c | Sub-Neptune | 3.15 | 6.20 | 51.806 | 410 | 2014 |
Kepler-324 e Planet Profile
Physical Specs
Classification
Planet Type
Sub-Neptune
Discovery
Size rank in cohort
Rank by radius
#1913of 1978
top 96.7%
This planet
2.04R⊕
Sub-Neptune median
2.71R⊕
Nearest-size peers
| Metric | Earth | Kepler-324 e | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radius (R⊕) | 1.00 | 2.04 | 11.21 |
| Mass (M⊕) | 1.00 | 235.01 | 317.83 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 5.51 | 0.16 | 1.33 |
| Surface Gravity (g) | 1.00 | 56.55 | 2.53 |
| Insolation (S⊕) | 1.00 | 38.90 | 0.037 |
Alternative Mass Estimates
| Method | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Best measured mass | 235.014 M⊕ | Direct mass measurement (not derived). |
Star Catalogue Identifiers
TIC
TIC 243271716
Gaia DR2
Gaia DR2 2132078120004385152
Gaia DR3
Gaia DR3 2132078120004385152
System
Kepler-324
Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort
Orbit & Habitability
Orbital Dynamics
Year Length
A year here lasts approximately 13.98 Earth days (3.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1097 AU.
Transit Fingerprint
Depth
0.036 %
Duration
1.233 h
Impact parameter b
0.968
Rp / R★
0.017298
Transit midpoint (BJD)
2,454,975.3383
Photometric dip
Transit produces a flux drop of 356 ppm lasting ≈ 1.23 h.
Extended Orbital Architecture
Planet / star radius ratio
0.017298
Semi-major axis / stellar radius
25.000
Impact parameter (b)
0.968
Transit mid-time (BJD)
2,454,975.3383
Angular separation (arcsec)
0.21900
Eq. Temperature
635K
(362 °C)
Insolation (S⊕)
38.90
Earth = 1.00
Earth Similarity (ESI)
0.166
0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical
Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.
Discovery Paper
Primary reference
Valizadegan et al. 2022Instrument
Kepler CCD Array
Publication
2022-02
Observation locale
Space
Discovery cohort
Planets confirmed in 2021 at Kepler (12 shown).
Host System: Kepler-324
Spectral Class
K-type orange
Effective Temperature
5,191 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)
Estimated Age
3.39 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)
Stellar Radius
0.826 R☉
Stellar Mass
0.844 M☉
Metallicity [Fe/H]
0.08
Extended Stellar Properties
Surface gravity (log g)
4.530 dex
Stellar density
5.196 g/cm³
Metallicity ratio
[Fe/H]
Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands
Astrometric Data
Parallax
1.965 mas
Total Proper Motion
22.463 mas/yr
PM Right Ascension
-2.20 mas/yr
PM Declination
22.36 mas/yr
Galactic Cartesian (pc)
x = 0.184 · y = -0.621 · z = 0.762
Equatorial (J2000)
RA 286.47145° · Dec 49.64909°
Galactic ℓ, b
80.093° · 18.132°
Ecliptic λ, β
304.556° · 71.118°
HTM-20 index
349022935
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Wolf 503 b
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TOI-712 b
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Kepler-161 c
Sub-Neptune · K-type orange
Radius 2.05 R⊕ · 1,417.6 ly