Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-416 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-416, located approximately 2,253.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.48 Earth radii
  • A mass of 58.20 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 9.46 g
  • An orbital period of 6.319 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0674 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 986 K (713 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,253.15 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.200
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 39,734,256 years

2 siblings around Kepler-416

Kepler-416 b shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-416 d Super-Earth 1.61 3.22 3.076 1,253 2023
Kepler-416 b this Sub-Neptune 2.48 58.20 6.319 986 2014
Kepler-416 c Sub-Neptune 2.35 6.13 12.209 791 2014

Kepler-416 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.48 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.221 R♃
Mass
58.20 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.183 M♃
Density
21.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
9.46 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.200
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit Timing Variations
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1212of 1978

top 61.2%

This planet

2.48R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-416 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.4811.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0058.20317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5121.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.009.462.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00224.090.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 58.200 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 137217372

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2052975370856687744

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2052975370856687744

System

Kepler-416

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.480 R⊕ · percentile 38 / cohort 1978
Mass 58.200 M⊕ · percentile 98 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 6.32 d · percentile 19 / cohort 1946
Distance 690.82 pc · percentile 59 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.200 · percentile 7 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
6.319 days
Semi-major axis
0.0674 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
85.42 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 6.32 Earth days (1.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0674 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.060 %

Duration

3.202 h

Impact parameter b

0.460

Rp / R★

0.022347

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,965.2306

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 598 ppm lasting ≈ 3.20 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.022347

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

15.409

Impact parameter (b)

0.460

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,965.2306

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.09760

Eq. Temperature

986K

(713 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

224.09

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.200

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Hadden et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-416

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,718 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.69 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.075 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.000 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.13

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.420 dex

Stellar density

1.080 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
690.82 parsec
Light-years 2,253.15 ly
V-band magnitude
14.17 mag
Voyager-speed travel 39,734,256 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

12.514.514.17V14.02Gaia14.03Kepler13.54TESS14.51Sloan g13.98Sloan r13.82Sloan i13.75Sloan z12.87J12.58H12.51K

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.419 mas

Total Proper Motion

2.202 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-2.05 mas/yr

PM Declination

-0.80 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.285 · y = -0.720 · z = 0.632

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.55696° · Dec 39.22729°

Galactic ℓ, b

71.758° · 10.609°

Ecliptic λ, β

304.800° · 60.088°

HTM-20 index

1525631769

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