Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 3.51 Earth radii
A mass of 10.84 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.88 g
An orbital period of 2.508 days
Semi-major axis 0.0338 AU
Equilibrium temperature 997 K (724 °C)
Distance from Earth 625.91 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.217
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 11,037,859 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around Kepler-94

Kepler-94 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
Kepler-94 b this	Sub-Neptune	3.51	10.84	2.508	997	2014
Kepler-94 c	Gas Giant	12.50	3,126.00	820.300	—	2014

Kepler-94 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

3.51 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.313 R♃

Mass

10.84 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.034 M♃

Density

1.45 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.88 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.217

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#176of 1978

top 8.8%

This planet

3.51R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

TIC 434398831 b 3.51 R⊕ Kepler-234 c 3.51 R⊕ Kepler-92 b 3.51 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-94 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	3.51	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	10.84	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	1.45	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.88	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	216.09	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	10.840 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i)	10.997 M⊕	Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 123309556

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2119602202081351168

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2119602202081351168

System

Kepler-94

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.510 R⊕ · percentile 91 / cohort 1978

Mass 10.840 M⊕ · percentile 79 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 2.51 d · percentile 3 / cohort 1946

Distance 191.90 pc · percentile 29 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.217 · percentile 9 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

2.508 days

Semi-major axis

0.0338 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

86.61 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.51 Earth days (0.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0338 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.151 %

Duration

1.072 h

Impact parameter b

0.850

Rp / R★

0.042380

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,967.9998

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,508 ppm lasting ≈ 1.07 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.042380

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

11.000

Impact parameter (b)

0.850

RV semi-amplitude (K)

6.110 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,967.9998

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.17600

Eq. Temperature

997K

(724 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

216.09

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.217

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Marcy et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-186 e · Super-Earth Kepler-395 c · Super-Earth Kepler-220 e · Super-Earth Kepler-249 d · Super-Earth Kepler-296 f · Super-Earth Kepler-367 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-296 e · Super-Earth Kepler-155 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-138 d · Super-Earth Kepler-333 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-331 d · Super-Earth Kepler-267 d · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-94

Spectral Class

M-type red dwarf

Effective Temperature

4,781 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.41 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.760 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.810 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.34

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.590 dex

Stellar density

2.900 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-50.48 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

0.50 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

191.90 parsec

Light-years 625.91 ly

V-band magnitude

13.07 mag

Voyager-speed travel 11,037,859 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

5.182 mas

Total Proper Motion

25.863 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-5.58 mas/yr

PM Declination

25.25 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.131 · y = -0.663 · z = 0.737

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 281.19473° · Dec 47.49726°

Galactic ℓ, b

76.713° · 20.710°

Ecliptic λ, β

292.615° · 70.059°

HTM-20 index

1961503284