Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2022

NGTS-21 b

A gas giant orbiting the k-type orange NGTS-21, located approximately 1,933.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 14.91 Earth radii
  • A mass of 750.08 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 3.37 g
  • An orbital period of 1.543 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0236 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,357 K (1084 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,933.75 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.103
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 34,101,672 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

NGTS-21 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
14.91 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.330 R♃
Mass
750.08 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
2.360 M♃
Density
1.25 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
3.37 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.103
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2022
Method Transit
Facility Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)
Telescope 20 cm NGTS telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#242of 1771

top 13.6%

This planet

14.91R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth NGTS-21 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0014.9111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00750.08317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.251.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.003.372.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00514.290.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 750.075 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 441422655

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6779308394419726848

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6779308394419726848

System

NGTS-21

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 14.908 R⊕ · percentile 86 / cohort 1771
Mass 750.075 M⊕ · percentile 59 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 1.54 d · percentile 3 / cohort 1533
Distance 592.89 pc · percentile 78 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.103 · percentile 27 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
1.543 days
Semi-major axis
0.0236 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
83.85 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 1.54 Earth days (0.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0236 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

2.547 %

Duration

1.950 h

Impact parameter b

0.630

Rp / R★

0.159000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,228.7785

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 25,466 ppm lasting ≈ 1.95 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.159000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

5.890

Impact parameter (b)

0.630

RV semi-amplitude (K)

506.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,228.7785

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.03980

Eq. Temperature

1,357K

(1084 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

514.29

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.103

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Alves et al. 2022

Instrument

NGTS CCD array

Publication

2022-10

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2022 at Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) (3 shown).

Host System: NGTS-21

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,660 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

10.02 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.860 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.720 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.26

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.630 dex

Stellar density

1.620 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

13.75 km/s

Rotation period

17.89 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
592.89 parsec
Light-years 1,933.75 ly
V-band magnitude
15.51 mag
Voyager-speed travel 34,101,672 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.016.616.63B15.51V15.22Gaia14.55TESS13.62J13.11H12.95K12.90W112.97W212.49W39.00W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.659 mas

Total Proper Motion

15.486 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-13.39 mas/yr

PM Declination

-7.78 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.537 · y = -0.613 · z = -0.580

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 311.25831° · Dec -35.42784°

Galactic ℓ, b

7.608° · -37.534°

Ecliptic λ, β

304.132° · -16.749°

HTM-20 index

-1495559147

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