Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-3980 b

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-3980, located approximately 1,587.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 14.46 Earth radii
  • A mass of 187.52 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.90 g
  • An orbital period of 3.609 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0494 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,621 K (1348 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,587.47 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.063
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 27,995,027 years

TOI-3980 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
14.46 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.290 R♃
Mass
187.52 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.590 M♃
Density
0.25 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.90 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.063
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#283of 1771

top 15.9%

This planet

14.46R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-3980 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0014.4611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00187.52317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.251.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.902.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.001,153.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 187.519 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 312548829

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 426758571995216768

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 426758571995216768

System

TOI-3980

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 14.460 R⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1771
Mass 187.519 M⊕ · percentile 17 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 3.61 d · percentile 24 / cohort 1533
Distance 486.72 pc · percentile 74 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.063 · percentile 10 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
3.609 days
Semi-major axis
0.0494 AU
Eccentricity
0.160
Inclination
81.95 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.61 Earth days (1.0% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0494 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.670 %

Duration

2.359 h

Impact parameter b

0.928

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,528.8950

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 6,700 ppm lasting ≈ 2.36 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

6.520

Impact parameter (b)

0.928

RV semi-amplitude (K)

67.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,528.8950

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.10100

Eq. Temperature

1,621K

(1348 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

1,153.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.063

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Yee et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-07

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-3980

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,840 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.70 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.626 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.240 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.19

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.106 dex

Stellar density

0.403 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
486.72 parsec
Light-years 1,587.47 ly
V-band magnitude
12.55 mag
Voyager-speed travel 27,995,027 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.513.613.56B12.55V12.38Gaia11.86TESS11.13J10.82H10.74K10.66W110.71W210.30W38.51W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.026 mas

Total Proper Motion

17.420 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

17.16 mas/yr

PM Declination

3.01 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.494 · y = 0.113 · z = 0.862

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 12.84194° · Dec 59.57586°

Galactic ℓ, b

122.923° · -3.296°

Ecliptic λ, β

42.106° · 48.277°

HTM-20 index

-1888582976

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